A bone has a hierarchical structure as shown in Fig. 1 [1]. Macroscopic bone properties are dependent on the microstructure and properties of structural elements. The bone is a composite material that consists of hydroxyapatite particles in a matrix of collagen fiber. Borsato et al. [2] measured the strain of hydroxyapatite by X-ray diffraction and obtained clear evidence of the stress concentr...

According to circumstance of kerman sarcheshmeh cooper complex that its anode slime is mainly consisted of Cu, Ag, Au, Pb and Se. In this work, recovery of silver from anode slime and subsequent synthesis of silver nanoparticles from leaching solution was made. Silver was separated from anode slime by using of HNO3 and HCl. X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) was used to characterize anode sl...

where V ∈ C(R,R), |∂ xV (x)| ≤ β|j|(1 + |x|)−(α+|j|) for |j| ≤ 2 and some α > 1. We give estimates and asymptotics for scattering solutions and scattering data for the equation (∗) for the case of small angle scattering. We show that at high energies the velocity valued component of the scattering operator uniquely determines the X-ray transform PF. Applying results on inversion of the X-ray tr...

The distribution of divalent ions in semidilute solutions of high-molecular-mass DNA containing both sodium chloride and strontium chloride in near-physiological conditions is studied by small-angle x-ray scattering and by small-angle neutron scattering. Both small-angle neutron scattering and small-angle x-ray scattering reveal a continuous increase in the scattering intensity at low q with in...

We analyze the wide angle x-ray scattering from oriented spider silk fibers in terms of a quantitative scattering model, including both structural and statistical parameters of the β-sheet crystallites of spider silk in the amorphous matrix. The model is based on kinematic scattering theory and allows for rather general correlations of the positional and orientational degrees of freedom, includ...

We have employed dynamic light scattering and X-ray small-angle scattering for monitoring the cluster formation of hen-egg white lysozyme solutions under crystallization conditions. From time-resolved dynamic light scattering experiments we can obtain a set of observables that exhibit clear extrema, when simultaneously plotted as functions of protein and electrolyte molarity. Close to these ext...