Over 124,300 heat pipes were installed in vertical support members on the Trans Alaska Pipeline System. Infrared surveys in the early 1980s revealed cold topping on some of these heat pipes. The cold topping was due to an accumulation of non-condensable gases, a by-product of corrosion or chemical dissociation of anhydrous ammonia. In 2000, Alyeska Pipeline Service Company undertook an experime...

Structural deterioration of drainage pipes has been a major concern for asset managers in maintaining the required performance of the urban drainage systems. Structural deterioration is the reduction of physical integrity, which can be characterized through structural defects such as cracks and fractures that are identified through condition assessment. Due to limited budget and the massive num...

Steel pipes with circular cross-sections are usually used in cooling panels of electric arc furnaces. In the present study pipes with square cross-sections under equivalent conditions were used to obtain more information on the possibility of increasing the heat transfer and cooling efficiency. The results showed increased efficiency of the square pipe compared to the circular cross-section pip...

We investigated the propagation of turbulent fronts in pipe flow at high Reynolds numbers by direct numerical simulation. used a technique combining moving frame reference and an artificial damping to isolate short periodic pipes, which enables us explore bulk number up Re = $10^5$ with affordable computation power. measured speed downstream front observed that fit $1.971-(Re/1925)^{-0.825}$ (i...

Water quality deteriorations in the plumbing are mainly resulted from accumulations and biofilm layer formation on pipe surfaces. Biofilms may cause significant health risks human due to its pathogen content. In this study, plumbing, presence of pathogenic microorganisms biofilms their effects water were examined by membrane filtration with dehydrated medium (NPS) method 22 different buildings ...

Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) curved composite is widely used in industries due to its high corrosive resistance nature. GFRP composites are involved many like petrochemical for handling oil and gas at offshore platforms, chemical processes such as storage tanks, desalination, water treatment. Since alloy steel materials get corroded by environmental factors excess salinity the surround...

Filamentous fungi in drinking water distribution systems are known to (a) block water pipes; (b) cause organoleptic biodeterioration; (c) act as pathogens or allergens and (d) cause mycotoxin contamination. Yeasts might also cause problems. This study describes the occurrence of several fungal species in a water distribution system supplied by groundwater in Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil. Water sam...

Visual inspection by a human operator has been mostly used up till now to detect cracks in sewer pipes. In this paper, we address the problem of automated detection of such cracks. We propose a model which detects crack fractures that may occur in weak areas of a network of pipes. The model also predicts the level of dangerousness of the detected cracks among five crack levels. We evaluate our ...