Xenon (Xe) is a noble gas that has been developed for use in people as an inhalational anesthestic and a diagnostic imaging agent. Xe inhibits glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors involved in learning and memory and can affect synaptic plasticity in the amygdala and hippocampus, two brain areas known to play a role in fear conditioning models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PT...

BACKGROUND To investigate the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with HBV carrier state during treatment of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and the use of antiviral prophylaxis in real-world clinical practice. METHODS Consecutive RA patients with HBV carrier state were included. Clinical data including liver evaluation, HBV infect...

Of those individuals who are infected with M. tuberculosis, 90% do not develop active disease and represents a large reservoir of M. tuberculosis with the potential for reactivation of infection. Sustained TNF expression is required for containment of persistent infection and TNF neutralization leads to tuberculosis reactivation. In this study, we investigated the contribution of soluble TNF (s...

We retrospectively reviewed 413 recipients with hematologic malignancies who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between June 1986 and March 2013. Recipients with antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and/or to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) were regarded as experiencing previous hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Clinical data of these recipients were rev...

Intrusive memories are unwanted recollections that maintain distress in psychological disorders. Increasing evidence suggests that memories that are reactivated through retrieval become temporarily vulnerable to environmental or pharmacological manipulation, including changes in levels of circulating stress hormones. This study investigated the influence of stress during memory reactivation of ...

We developed a simple, fast, economical, and versatile reactivation method for the study of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency in the rabbit ocular model. Intrastromal injection of sterile, deionized water induced reactivation and ocular shedding of latent HSV-1 in 21 of 27 eyes (78%) in 93% of New Zealand rabbits. Other control groups (eg, anterior chamber injection of sterile, deioni...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation has previously occurred in hepatitis B surface antigen-negative patients with malignant lymphoma who received rituximab-based combination chemotherapy. However, few reports have described cases of HBV reactivation in patients with multiple myeloma thus far. We report a case of HBV reactivation in a patient with multiple myeloma treated with chemotherapy, aut...

The presentation of a fear memory cue can result in mere memory retrieval, destabilization of the reactivated memory trace, or the formation of an extinction memory. The interaction between the degree of novelty during reactivation and previous learning conditions is thought to determine the outcome of a reactivation session. This study aimed to evaluate whether contextual novelty can prevent c...

We have developed a screening platform for the isolation of genetic entities involved in metastatic reactivation. Retroviral libraries of cDNAs from fully metastatic breast-cancer cells or pooled microRNAs were transduced into breast-cancer cells that become dormant upon infiltrating the lung. Upon inoculation in the tail vein of mice, the cells that had acquired the ability to undergo reactiva...

Self-rated health (SRH) is a reliable predictor of health outcomes including morbidity and mortality. Immune dysregulation is one hypothesized mechanism underlying the association between SRH and health outcomes. Indeed, poorer SRH is associated with greater inflammation. The association between SRH and reactivation of latent herpesviruses is unknown, representing an important gap in the litera...