This paper characterises the world real interest rate as a common trend in real interest rates in Germany, Japan, and the United States from 1964Q1 to 1996Q2. This single common trend has desirable properties as the world real interest rate and has been moving together with the world real return on the stock market, and the world real fiscal policy variable, suggesting financial integration and...

assumption of exchange rate overshooting has significant position in international macroeconomic discussion. this phenomenon is one of the abnormal behaviors of exchange rate that happen in short run. dornbusch (1976) shows that because speed of equilibrium prices is slow relative to asset markets and commodity prices are sticky in the short run, however, over time, commodity prices will rise a...

this paper investigates the effect of exchange rate uncertainty on the iran’s import trade. the exchange rate ‎uncertainty series were generated utilizing the tarch model. this model analyzes the asymmetric effects. the analysis of uncertainty and asymmetry ‎of the exchange rate shows significant tarch ‎effect on iran’s exchange rates‎. the findings of the study indicate negative shocks (bad ne...

the objective of this study is to model and estimate the effect of financial services in the agricultural sector of iran on the value added of this sector. moreover, since as of 1984, the interest free banking law was implemented, the effect of this change on the value added of the sector will be studied as the second objective. the model of the study consists of three tions. the volume of real...

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of real interest rate on economic growth in Jordan, using annual data for period from 1990 2019.
 Methods: To achieve study's objectives, both descriptive and analytical curriculum was used Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method.
 Results: The revealed that there is a statistically significant negative as when increases by (1...