Control systems are required to comply with certain safety and liveness correctness properties. In most cases, such systems have an intrinsic degree of complexity and it is not easy to formally analyze them, due to the resulting large state space. Also, exhaustive simulation and testing can easily miss system errors, whether they are life-critical or not. In this work, we introduce an interlock...

Interfirm networks are one of the core modes of corporate governance. However, its formation mechanism is not clearly and adequately delineated. This article highlights the significance of property rights to the formation mechanism of interfirm networks. Using interlocking directorate data from Chinese listed companies during the years 2000–2010, we investigate the association between ownership...

Mechanical interlocking is widely applied in industry and general lives of human beings. In this work, we realized the control of locking or sliding states of cotton fibers on the metal surfaces with slightly different textures through traditional machining. Three types of sliding states, i.e., locking, one-way sliding, and two-way sliding have been achieved. It is found that the locking or sli...

Background: To compare the union times of the uncomplicated tibial shaft fractures, which were distally locked by twocoronal and one sagittal screws and by only two coronal screws.Methods: 45 patients with tibial shaft treated with intramedullary nailing included in this study. 23 of 45 fractureswere treated with uniplanar two distal interlocking (Group 1) and 22 fractures were treated with bip...

There are several definitions for bony nonunion. We use the one that defines it as no clinical, radiographic, or scintigraphic evidence of healing 12 months after injury and by the need for secondary surgery. Delayed union is defined as the completion of union Letter to the Editor Immediate interlocking nailing versus external fixation followed by delayed interlocking nailing for Gustilo type I...

AO Principles are described today as follows: * appropriate reduction * appropriate stabilization * preservation of vascularity * painless early mobilization These requirements can all be met by intramedullary osteosynthesis for suitable indications. The modern generation of nails is highly user-friendly and application of the systems is very safe. Outcome predictions favor reamed locked nailin...

BACKGROUND Despite that a mid-third simple transverse femoral shaft fracture has been traditionally treated with an unlocked reamed intramedullary nail, recently a static locked reamed intramedullary nail has been favored by some orthopedists to avoid missing extended fracture lines. A prospective comparison of both nails was conducted to investigate the superiority between the nails from biome...

©2003 British Editorial Society of Bone and Joint Surgery doi:10.1302/0301-620X.85B1.13055 $2.00 e have compared the survival and radiological outcome at ten years after total hip replacement using two techniques for preparing the femoral canal. The same prosthesis was used throughout and all operations were performed by the same surgical team. In technique 1 the canal was over-reamed by 2 mm a...

This prospective randomized comparative study evaluated the role of dynamization of interlocking nails after open reduction and internal fixation of femoral shaft fractures. Fifty femoral shaft fractures were treated by open interlocking nailing and were statically locked. Twenty six of these 50 patients were randomly selected for dynamization and the other 24 were treated without dynamization....

In this article the verification and validation of interlocking systems is investigated. Reviewing both geographical and route-related interlocking, the verification objectives can be structured from a perspective of computer science into (1) verification of static semantics, and (2) verification of behavioural (operational) semantics. The former checks that the plant model – that is, the softw...