In this paper, we introduce the concepts of n-fold obstinate pseudo-hoop and n-fold obstinate filter in pseudo-hoops. Then we investigated these notions and proved some properties of them. Also, we discussed the relationship between n-fold obstinate pseudo-hoop and n-fold obstinate filter and other types of n-fold pseudo-hoops and n-fold filters such as n-fold (positive) implicative filter and ...

Tracheomalacia patients often present with nonspecific symptoms like cough, wheezing and dyspnea. Tracheomalacia diagnosis is usually attributed to alternative common conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive lung disease. Certain maneuvers, like forced expiration, or recumbent position may elicit subtle signs of tracheomalacia. Ordering novel pulmonary function testing in sitting uprigh...

Previous hemodynamic studies of patients with septal defects, or patent ductus arteriosus, have been made with the patient recumbent in the horizontal posture. Our studies indicate unexpected changes in pulmonary blood flow with the upright posture, and often further increments in flow during walking that are different from those reported for exercise in recumbency. It is suggested that such de...

Foreign body aspiration or ingestion can be a potential complication during routine dental treatment. The handling of dental objects requires particular care, especially where the patient is supine or semi-recumbent. Dentist must be able to manage emergency situations in which patients accidentally swallow dental instruments or materials during treatment and procedures. This article reviews the...

Background: Semi-recumbent cycling exercise has been used as a strategy to complement gait retraining in individuals with disordered walking ability. However, seated elliptical stepping might be a more potent exercise modality for this purpose. Yet, there has not been a kinematic analysis of elliptical stepping exercise, whereby the movement path is produced by a slider-crank mechanism. This st...

Radiofrequency neurotomy (RFN) of the medial branches (MB) of the lumbar dorsal rami is a common procedure to treat facetogenic backache. Serious complications are unusual when guidelines are followed (1). We report for the first time, the development of severely painful camptocormia (inability to straighten the back in the upright position that disappears in the recumbent position) as a compli...

Of the two forms of orthostatic hypotension, one, the arterial orthostatic anemia or hypotonic regulatory disturbance (1), is characterized by an increase in the pulse rate and a fall of the systolic blood pressure, with or without a rise in the diastolic pressure, upon change from the recumbent to the erect posture. These circulatory reactions are due to an increased activity of the sympatheti...

background: menopause is associated with changes in body composition in postmenopausal women. the aim of this study was to compare the effects of tibolone and continuous combined hormone therapy (ht) on body composition in postmenopausal women. materials and methods: in this randomized clinical trial, 120 menopausal women were randomly selected and divided into three groups. of these, 40 women ...