Sentinels are a conspicuous feature of some cooperative societies and are often assumed to provide benefits in terms of increased predator detection. Similar to other cooperative behaviours, variation in investment in sentinel behaviour should reflect variation in the benefits of such behaviour. However, evidence for this is inconclusive: to date experiments have manipulated the cost of sentine...

This paper proposes a description of German word order including phenomena considered as complex, such as scrambling, (partial) VP fronting and verbal pied piping. Our description relates a syntactic dependency structure directly to a topological hierarchy without resorting to movement or similar mechanisms.

Legume crops have played a significant role in the historical dietary regime of Afghan peoples. Recently, production common beans has increased on farms relative to other leguminous crops. However, compared with pulse crops, are more prone water stress. To select drought resistant beans, several varieties were assessed field during sequence restricted supplies for two years and local was analyz...