Forests are a significant CO2 sink. However, sequestration in forests is radiatively offset by emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), potent greenhouse gas, from forest soils. Reforestation, an important strategy for mitigating climate change, has focused on maximizing plant biomass without integrating N2O Although nitrogen (N)-fixing trees often recommended reforestation because their rapid growth ...

Forests perform multiple and interrelated social, economic and environmental functions and can be comprised among the ecosystems with the greatest biodiversity. The contribution of forests is multiple and renewable and, therefore, they constitute a most valuable natural resource. The benefits / values of forests can be divided into those of direct and indirect use. The first category includes t...

We reflect on the socio-economic challenges in designing, implementing and monitoring tree planting activities using a case study of Ethiopia, country aiming to restore 15 127.7 million hectares (ha) pledged by 31 African countries as June 2021. Based literature review expert assessments, we describe analyse historical context both deforestation afforestation reforestation Ethiopia. also assess...

The current scale of deforestation in tropical regions and the large areas of degraded lands now present underscore the urgent need for interventions to restore biodiversity, ecological functioning, and the supply of goods and ecological services previously used by poor rural communities. Traditional timber plantations have supplied some goods but have made only minor contributions to fulfillin...