Brian S. Boxer Wachler, MD The significant findings are lamellar channel deposits and superior neovascularization. The former are benign; they do not affect corneal health but can cause cosmetic concerns. Lamellar channel deposits can sometimes cause glare if the ring segment is located close to the pupil or if the pupil is large. These deposits are more likely to occur in wide versus narrow ch...

The human eye is an asymmetric optical system and the real cornea is not a rotationally symmetrical volume. Each optical element in the eye has its own optical and neural axes. Defining the optimum center for laser ablation is difficult with many available approaches. We explain the various centration approaches (based on these reference axes) in refractive surgery and review their clinical out...

Keywords Amblyopia Anisometropia Corneal refractive surgery Amblyopia is one of the most important reversible eye disorders in children and different treatments are suggested. Early diagnosis and effective treatment in amblyogenic age are important criteria. These critical periods correspond to the period when the child's developing visual system is sensitive to abnormal input caused by stimulu...

tandardization of reporting outcomes has been aspired to since the inception of laser refractive surgery and a standard format was initially proposed by Waring in 1992,1 formalized in a joint effort by the editorial staffs of the Journal of Refractive Surgery and the Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery in the familiar set of six Standard Graphs summarizing efficacy, predictability, safet...

BACKGROUND We examined the effect of surgical repair on the pattern of refractive errors in Korean patients with congenital blepharoptosis. METHODS We reviewed the clinical records of 54 patients with congenital blepharoptosis who attended our hospital from 2006 to 2012 and underwent a detailed refractive examination before and after ptosis repair surgery. Among them, 21 of the patients whose...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of vision-enhancing interventions (cataract surgery or refractive error correction) on physical function and cognitive status in nursing home residents. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Seventeen nursing homes in Birmingham, Alabama. PARTICIPANTS A total of 187 English-speaking adults aged 55 and older. INTERVENTION Participants took part in on...

Refractive surgery, both corneal and intraocular, has undergone an explosive evolution during the last 25 years. The first excimer laser surgery performed now already over 25 years ago is a historical landmark which started the scientific age of corneal refractive surgery. Before that momentous occasion, refractive surgery was a buccaneer procedure that lacked consistent scientific knowledge ab...

In modern cataract surgery, spectacle freedom is becoming more and more important. Emmetropia can be achieved for patients with myopic or hyperopic refractive errors by selecting the appropriate spherical lens power. However, approximately 20% of patients who undergo cataract surgery have 1.25 diopters (D) of corneal astigmatism or more. (FerrerBlasco, Montes-Mico et al. 2009; Hoffmann and Hutz...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate factors that may decompensate a strabismus or lead to diplopia after refractive surgery. METHODS Retrospective study of 19 patients, who presented with binocular decompensation after refractive surgery. Mean age at surgery was 38.89 SD 10.26 (27-63) years. Fourteen patients were myopic, 5 hyperopic, and 5 of them had a marked anisometropia. The photo-refractive keratecto...

Calculating the surgically induced refractive change following ocular surgery is important for evaluating the results of keratore-fractive procedures, smaller incisions and various wound closures for cataract surgery, and the effect of suturing techniques and suture removal following corneal transplant surgery. We present a ten-step method of calculating the spherical- and cylindrical-induced r...