Benzodiazepines are the current first-line standard-of-care treatment for status epilepticus but fail to terminate seizures in about one third of cases. Synaptic GABAA receptors, which mediate phasic inhibition in central circuits, are the molecular target of benzodiazepines. As status epilepticus progresses, these receptors are internalized and become functionally inactivated, conferring benzo...

The word, super-refectory is coined recently in status epilepticus (SE) when the seizures continue unabated for a day or more, despite rigorous management , leading to subsequent neuronal injury, most of the times and even death [1]. The SuperRefractory Status Epilepeticus is a rare but not uncommon type of ongoing seizure activity and the exact pathophysiology is still not yet studied well. Th...

R. Fallah MD Abstract: Objective Refractory convulsive Status Epilepticus (SE) which does not respond to first line drugs (benzodiazepines, phenytoin and phenobarbital) heralds an emergency condition in pediatric neurology which can cause irreparable brain damage. There is no consensus on the choice of drug treatment for refractory generalized convulsive status epilepticus in children. Lidocain...