OBJECTIVES Data exploring how much of the ethnic differences in smoking prevalence and former smoking are explained by socioeconomic status (SES) are lacking. We therefore assessed ethnic differences in smoking prevalence and former smoking and the contribution of both educational level and occupational-related SES to the observed ethnic differences in smoking behaviour. METHODS Data of 22 92...

gradient and is not associated with poverty. There is, however, strong evidence for associations with childhood victimisation and ethnic minority status. Thus, victimised individuals and ethnic minority populations at risk of discrimination and exclusion have higher rates of service use for syndromes that in DSM are conceptualised as psychotic disorder. In addition, these populations also displ...

BACKGROUND Ethnic origin has an important influence on the lung function of adults and young children but its effect during infancy, particularly following premature delivery, is unclear. METHODS The results from infants of pure Afro-Caribbean (subjects) and pure Caucasian (controls) descent, all of whom were born prematurely (median gestational age 28 weeks), were compared. Fifty subjects we...

The UK is a multi-cultural society, and has been enriched by the large-scale immigration that has taken place over the past 50 years. Ethnic minority groups now represent 5.5 % of the total UK population (Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, 1996). Individual groups have brought with them a shared heritage, which includes a common history, a distinct language and characteristic culture. D...

BACKGROUND Studies from the USA, New Zealand and Denmark suggest that many ethnic minority citizens obtain healthcare in their country of origin. Their reasons for doing so and the possible consequences remain unclear. METHODS We used data from the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting study to investigate the magnitude, types, self-reported reasons and determinants of past-year healthcare consump...

OBJECTIVE Risk scores based on phenotypic characteristics to identify individuals at high risk of having undiagnosed diabetes have been developed in Caucasian populations. The impact of known risk factors on having undiagnosed type 2 diabetes differs between populations from different ethnic origin, and risk scores developed in Caucasians may not be applicable to other ethnic groups. This study...

BACKGROUND Many ethnic minority populations have poorer health than the general population. However, there is limited knowledge on the possible ethnic gap in physical mobility. We aim to examine the prevalence of mobility limitations in working-age Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin migrants in comparison to the general population in Finland. We also determine whether the association between et...

OBJECTIVE To recalibrate an existing Framingham risk score to produce a web-based tool for estimating the 10-year risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in seven British black and minority ethnic groups. DESIGN Risk prediction models were recalibrated against survey data on ethnic group risk factors and disease prevalence compared with the general population. Et...

Since the early 1960s notification rates for tuberculosis in England and Wales for the whole population have been influenced by high rates in certain ethnic groups. Using data based on country of birth from the British (Thoracic and) Tuberculosis Association surveys of 1965 and 1971, and based on ethnic origin from the Medical Research Council surveys in 1978/79 and 1983, rates for the white et...

Ethnic identity is central to many contemporary discussions of belonging and assimilation migrant-origin youth. Studies typically focus on a single minority identity. Identity theory implies, however, that individuals may hold multiple ethnic identities, or none, these find expression greater less extent depending context. Using nationally representative, longitudinal study Dutch teenagers, we ...