CONTEXT Laboratory studies in cognitive psychology with relatively brief final recall intervals suggest that repeated retrieval in the form of tests may result in better retention of information compared with repeated study. OBJECTIVES Our study evaluates if repeated testing of material taught in a real-life educational setting (a didactic conference for paediatric and emergency medicine resi...

The production of radiostrontium in relatively high yield from fission reactions, together with the aflinity of strontium for bone, have added to the need for a quantitative understanding of the behavior of this element in the food chain leading to human bone. The quantity of this fission product which may be maintained in the bone tissue without perceptible damage to the organism is not well d...

in this paper by use of mathematical modeling of an observer [14,15] the notion of relative information functional for relative dynamical systemson compact metric spaces is presented. we extract the information function ofan ergodic dynamical system (x,t) from the relative information of t fromthe view point of observer χx, where x denotes the base space of the system.we also generalize the inv...

Eighteen-day-old and adult rats were trained on a learned taste-aversion (illness reinforced) or a lick-suppression (shock reinforced) task and tested for retention after either 1, 28, or 56 days. Young rats showed a retention deficit relative to adults in the lick-suppression task but not for taste-aversion learning. Young rats did, however, show relatively less suppression to the saline solut...

In 3 experiments, 6-month-old infants learned to move a mobile by kicking and were tested 1 to 21 days later for retention of the newly acquired memory as a function of the training and testing contexts. In Experiment 1, decreasing the relative distinctiveness of the training and testing context did not impair retrieval of the newly acquired memory. In Experiment 2, however, testing in a differ...

OBJECTIVES Pregnancy-related weight retention can contribute to obesity, and breastfeeding may facilitate postpartum weight loss. We investigated the effect of breastfeeding on long-term postpartum weight retention. METHODS Using data from the North Carolina Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC; 1996-2004), weight retention was assessed in women aged 18...

We investigated whether postextinction administration of methylene blue (MB) could enhance retention of an extinguished conditioned response. MB is a redox compound that at low doses elevates cytochrome oxidase activity, thereby improving brain energy production. Saline or MB (4 mg/kg intraperitoneally) were administered to rats for 5 d following extinction training of tone-footshock conditioni...

PURPOSE To understand differences in productivity, advancement, retention, satisfaction, and compensation comparing underrepresented medical (URM) faculty with other faculty at multiple institutions. METHOD A 17-year follow-up was conducted of the National Faculty Survey, a random sample from 24 U.S. medical schools, oversampled for URM faculty. The authors examined academic productivity, adv...

OBJECTIVE To develop a novel measure to characterize human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) programme quality at health facilities in Kenya and explore its associations with patient- and facility-level characteristics. METHODS We developed a composite indicator to measure quality of HIV care, comprising: assessment of eligibility for antiretroviral therapy (ART); initiation of ART; and retention ...

Does varying the spacing of repetitions over intervals as long as I week affect recall? The answer from three experiments is yes. Subjects incidentally processed words repeated within a single list and words repeated in separate lists at list spacings of up to I week. Memory was tested by free recall shortly after the second presentations or after retention intervals of up to I week. Recall of ...