To handle the challenges attributed to distributed generators, protection system of distribution networks needs be evolved. Recent schemes modify standard characteristics overcurrent relays, called non-standard characteristics. These are mostly case-dependent and have limitations in solving variety generators. This paper analyses performance six voltage-based on photovoltaic generators (PVDG) p...

Large-scale integration of different renewable energy resources introduces significant challenges to the protection microgrids (particularly those that may operate in islanded mode), including variable and low fault levels, difficulty operation main backup with their coordination, bidirectional power flow during faults. As a solution such challenges, this paper presents novel active strategy fo...

in this paper two different rateless transmissionschemes are developed. in the proposed scheme, relay node candecode and forward the message to the destination if they areable to decode it, or amplify and forward the message to thedestination. based on the analysis and simulation resultsprovided in this paper, the proposed method has bettertransmission time than the scheme which only the relay ...

Although radio access technology has huge expansion in the past decades, interference management is a key concern for today’s mobile communication systems, a concern in the demand by an ever increasing range of potential applications. Future wireless network including LTE-advanced(also known as the standard for the next generation mobile communication system) will not only need to support highe...

Electricity is delivered to end users through generation, transmission, and distribution phases. The most important issues during energy journey provide selective, rapid, safe protection ensure continuity. In this context, when the operating conditions defined in systems are exceeded, an effective system coordination required that as few consumers possible affected by outage reliably isolate fa...

Orexins, also known as hypocretins, are neuropeptides that are exclusively expressed by neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area. Although originally recognized as regulators of feeding behavior, orexins are now mainly regarded as key modulators of the sleep/wakefulness cycle. In addition, anatomical studies of neural networks and analyses of transgenic mice have revealed integrated roles for o...

The faithful relay and timely expression of genetic information depend on specialized molecular machines, many of which function as nucleic acid translocases. The emergence over the last decade of single-molecule fluorescence detection and manipulation techniques with nm and Å resolution and their application to the study of nucleic acid translocases are painting an increasingly sharp picture o...