This study examined the effectiveness of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, Mathematics) integrated approach via Scratch on five subconstructs computational thinking (CT) among 29 male and 30 female students. A quasi-experimental design was employed in research. The participants demonstrated application CT designing games during intervention. Computational Thinking Survey (CTS) admin...

In both casual conversations and interview settings, people may be required to provide details of instances that were similar other experiences. When this happens repeatedly, consistency across reports is often taken as a proxy for credibility. However, processes schema formation interference due similarity make recall accurate source attribution specific challenging. We investigated the accura...

This study investigated if different response formats (test methods) measure reading comprehension of expository text differently. The study was conducted with 48 semester 6 TESL students at a university in Selangor, Malaysia. These students received an expository passage having descriptive rhetorical structure followed by three response formats, namely, incomplete outline, graphic organizer, a...

We define “variable privacy” as the use of non-perfect protocols with parameters controlled by Alice. Variable privacy enables Alice to choose the amount of information leaked to Bob, in situations where information revelation bears a privacy cost and also provides a benefit. We propose a framework for the study of variable privacy, using a security perspective to obtain a privacy measure of th...