based on use. Contrary to what one might expect, change often implies that specific representational artifacts lose some of their representational aspects in order to increase the effectiveness of their use. Consider for example the case of numerals. Originally, their representational aspects were much more obvious than today. The numbers two and three, for example, were represented by an equal...

In this paper, we discuss how meaning-making and knowledge in a particular area depends upon the representations used for expression and interaction. Based on a number of empirical examples, we discuss how new forms of representing computer programs turns the activity of programming from a mental to a largely embodied activity. With this follows that what it means to program, and to learn progr...

Comprehensively searching for words in Sanskrit E-text is a non-trivial problem because words could change their forms in different contexts. One such context is sandhi or euphonic conjunctions, which cause a word to change owing to the presence of adjacent letters or words. The change wrought by these possible conjunctions can be so significant in Sanskrit that a simple search for the word in ...

Logical form in logic and logical form (LF) in the Minimalist architecture of language are two different forms of representational models of semantic facts. They are distinct in their form and in how they represent some natural language phenomena. This paper aims to argue that the differences between logical form and LF have profound implications for the question about the nature of semantic in...

The problem of Intelligent Machine Draft ing is presented, and a description of an existing implementation as part of a graphical generator function is given. The concept of Graphical Deep Knowledge is defined as a representational basis for Intelligent Machine Draft ing problems as wel l as for physical object displays. A (partial) task domain analysis for Graphical Deep Knowledge is presented...

A description of the processes central to the evolution of art from sculpted earthen forms early in human existence to paintings in museums of the modern world is absent in scholarly literature (Gombrich, 1972; Spivey, 2005). The present manuscript offers a memetic theory of art evolution demonstrating typological transitions of art in the period post the 3-dimensional to 2-dimensional transiti...

A shape representation is presented that has been shown competent to accurately describe an extensive variety of natural forms (e g., people, mountains, clouds, trees), as well as man-made forms, in a succinct and natural manner. The ap preach taken in this representational system is to describe scene structure at a scale that is similar to our naive perceptual notion of “a part,’ by use of des...

The human prefrontal cortex differs from all other mammals: the seat of complex cognition, abstract thinking, planning and future forecasting, and behavioral inhibition. Using our prefrontal cortex is a significant energy drain on the body, so despite its impressive capabilities, it’s daily capacity is limited. Some researchers estimate a mere 2-3 hours per day of activity depletes the pr...