Making use of the virtual work method, a mechanical multiphase model for reinforced materials is developed. Matrix and reinforcement are continuously distributed. The work of internal forces accounts for the matrix three-dimensional and inclusions onedimensional characteristics and for their interaction as well. The corresponding equations of motion and associated boundary conditions are deduce...

According to the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, is amongst top ten onion-producing countries in world. Though Pakistan, most districts Khyber Pakhtunkhwa produce onions, Malakand division lonely contributes 60% total onion production country. In farming, bolting an insidious phenomenon that occurs plants due fluctuations environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light intensity. ...