A method is described for the estimation of carbon dioxide output, oxygen uptake, and respiratory exchange ratio during nitrous oxide anaesthesia. The inspired and expired minute volumes are measured with a box-bag system, the carbon dioxide concentrations with a carbon dioxide sensitive electrode, and the oxygen concentrations with a polarograph. Carbon dioxide output can be measured with a co...

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of acute dairy calcium intake on exercise energy metabolism and endurance performance. Trained female runners completed two trials. Each trial consisted of a 90-min glycogen depletion run followed by a self-paced 10K time trial, conducted one hour after consumption of a high dairy (500 mg Ca+2) or low dairy (80 mg Ca+2) meal. During the 90-min ru...

One of the main issues in international finance is the ratio of exchange rate pass through to consumer prices. The main objective of this study is to examine the exchange rate fluctuations and its asymmetric effect on consumer prices in Iran’s economy. In the present study, the effects of positive and negative impacts of the exchange rate on inflation rate and other macroeconomic variables of I...

Methods In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design, participants underwent two testing sessions after consuming either the VPX Meltdown® or placebo supplement. Healthy male participants (n = 12) aged 18–35 rested for one hour while energy expenditure (EE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (B) were assessed in a fasted state. Subsequently, parti...

Methods We examined whether a panel of 25 SNPs in 19 genes that might be related to caffeine metabolism or response modified exercise performance, or were associated with any physiologic outcomes during exercise. Subjects were trained male cyclists (n = 33) who underwent a doubleblind placebo-controlled crossover trial to test the effects of caffeine (6 mg/kg) on various performance parameters ...

Methods Twenty-two males (n = 13) and females (n = 9) ages 20– 36 years (23.68 +/3.91), volunteered as subjects. Each subject performed two VO2max treadmill tests within two weeks of each other. Administration of the trials was double-blinded and randomized with half of the participants ingesting PRX1 during the first trial and PRX2 during their second trial with the product order being reverse...