The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays important regulatory roles in many plant developmental processes including seed dormancy, germination, growth, and stomatal movements. These physiological responses to ABA are in large part brought about by changes in gene expression. To study genome-wide ABA-responsive gene expression we applied massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) to sample...

First-generation nanoparticles (NPs) have been clinically translated as pharmaceutical drug delivery carriers for their ability to improve on drug tolerability, circulation half-life, and efficacy. Toward the development of the next-generation NPs, researchers have designed novel multifunctional platforms for sustained release, molecular targeting, and environmental responsiveness. This review ...

Proboscis extension response (PER) is a taste behavior assay that has been used in flies as well as in honeybees.On the surface of the fly's mouth (labellum), there are hair-like structures called sensilla which houses taste neurons. When an attractive substance makes contact to the labellum, the fly extends its proboscis to consume the material. Proboscis Extension Response (PER) assay measure...

The emergence of heterogeneous photocatalysis has facilitated redox reactions with high efficiency, without compromising the recyclability photocatalyst. Recently, stimuli-responsive photocatalytic materials have emerged as a powerful synthetic tool, simple and rapid recovery, well an enhanced dynamic control over reactions. Stimuli-responsive polymers are often inexpensive easy to produce. The...

objective(s): nowadays hydrogels are one of the upcoming classes of polymer-based controlled-release drug delivery systems. temperature and ph-responsive delivery systems have drawn much attention because some diseases reveal themselves by a change in temperature and/or ph. the objective of this work is to prepare and characterize composite membrane using responsive nanoparticles into a polymer...

Due to its low risk, high accuracy, and deep penetration into tissue, Ultrasound (US) has become one of the most widely used methods in diagnosis treatment disease. US is gaining more attention Drug/gene Delivery Systems (DDS) due countless benefits it offers relations site-precise delivery as well spatial statementdelivery medications/genetic factor. The popular type ultrasound-responsive mate...

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) envisage a potential biomaterial alternative to replacing synthetic polymers for their biodegradability and biocompatibility. Modification approaches exploit the attributes adjust intrinsic hydrophobic properties, such as blending produce new polymer mix with novel properties. Functionalization of PHA, especially chemical grafting, perform introduce additional compou...

Dopa responsive dystonia (DRD) is a dystonic syndrome of childhood, usually affecting gait and subsequently developing into parkinsonism with a dramatic therapeutic response to levodopa. At the best of our recollection this is the first case in Iranian medical literature of a 13 year old boy, affected by this interesting, rare and treatable disease which can be easily diagnosed if clinicia...

Background: Few methods have been introduced to assess the level of consciousness in critically-ill patients. This study was designed to evaluate how the AlertVerbalPainfulUnresponsive (AVPU) responsive scale corresponds with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) scores in drug-poisoned patients and to devise an augmented AVPU scale. Methods: In this prospect...

Admiration for environment in general needs to be profoundly rooted in an understanding of History. Urban history is unique not only in the fact that it reflects climate but also in that it cuts across many different fields. In most schools of urban studies many aspects of science and technology are taught with relation to design in order to attain skills for practice. During a student’s later ...