Phonemic restoration is a powerful auditory illusion in which listeners "hear" parts of words that are not really there. In earlier studies of the illusion, segments of words (phonemes) were replaced by an extraneous sound; listeners were asked whether anything was missing and where the extraneous noise had occurred. Most listeners reported that the utterance was intact and mislocalized the noi...

The term restoration is used in many ways; however, it normally implies return to an original state. In ecological restoration, it should be thought of as applying to whole ecosystems. It must be remembered that options, such as rehabilitation or replacement, exist that may be more practicable than restoration. The components of restoration are the chemical and physical aspects of the habitat a...

We identified 148 patients who had undergone a revision total knee replacement using a single implant system between 1990 and 2000. Of these 18 patients had died, six had developed a peri-prosthetic fracture and ten had incomplete records or radiographs. This left 114 with prospectively-collected radiographs and Bristol knee scores available for study. The height of the joint line before and af...

The analysis of the reconstructed pumping stations showed that most stations, despite their specific features (commercial operation year, different sources water intake, differences in designs hydraulic structures, connection schemes units and pressure communications), have a fairly standard set reconstruction works: main structures irrigation are more or less satisfactory condition, need parti...

As part of a large retrospective study of the durability and lifespan of 2229 restorations (1898 amalgams and 331 stainless steel crowns) in primary molars of 226 pediatric patients attending a dental school clinic, the costs associated with first placement and later replacements of the restorations were examined. Individual restoration histories were followed for up to 9 years, computerized, a...

AIMS The purpose of the study was to apply established methods to survey reasons for the placement and replacement of crowns in general dental practice in the United Kingdom. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty-eight general dental practitioners were recruited. Participants recorded the principal reason for the provision of each initial and replacement crown they provided over a 12-w...

We studied the effects of castration and testosterone (T) replacement on intracavernous pressure (ICP) elicited with electrical stimulation of the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and cavernous nerve (CN) in male rats. We measured the ICP during electrical stimulation of the MPOA and CN in castrated male rats with and without testosterone replacement. The experimental group consisted of 20-week-old ...

Restoration of musculoskeletal function is a fundamental goal of orthopaedic treatment. Until now, clinical orthopaedic concepts of injury, repair, and restoration of function of musculoskeletal systems have been described and understood primarily in structural and biomechanical terms. This perception probably evolved because the structural characteristics are the most readily visualized factor...

abstract background: esophageal replacement is indicated in certain circumstances including long gap esophageal atresia, severe strictures due to gastro-esophageal reflux (ger) and caustic burns. we analyzed our results of 18 patients who underwent esophageal replacement in our university hospital. methods: we reviewed esophageal replacements carried out in our department between june 1996 and ...

OBJECTIVES Surgery for aortic root aneurysm without valve stenosis is increasingly being transformed from the Bentall procedure to valve-sparing aortic root remodelling or reimplantation. In this report, a new repair option is explored, with full functional 'restoration' of the aortic root complex using a geometric annuloplasty ring, leaflet repair, and sinus/ascending aortic replacement with a...