Brines produced by desalination processes such as reverse osmosis (RO), electrodialysis reversal (EDR) and ion-exchange (IX) holds pollution potential for the water environment if not properly handled. These brines contain a high water content (95–98%) and chemicals that could possibly be recovered for reuse. Therefore, direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) which has the potential for wat...

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a renewable energy-generating SGE technique using energy from salinity gradients. This research investigates the effect of membrane and feed characteristics on reverse power generation. Some investigations process parameters for complement main study were also conducted. The generated RED was measured density analysis. experiments performed artificial seawater v...

1. Global Energy Problems and the Role of Renewables 1.1. Energy demand 1.2. Energy, environmental problems and sustainable development 1.3. Water demand and consumption 1.4. Water and energy 1.5. Desalination and energy 1.6. Renewable energy technologies 2. Solar Collectors 2.1. Parabolic trough collectors 2.2. Fresnel collectors 2.3. Parabolic dish reflector 2.4. Heliostat field collector 3. ...

Electrical double layer expansion (CDLE) has been proposed as a promising alternative to reverse electrodialysis (RED) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) processes for extracting osmotic power generated by the salinity difference between freshwater and seawater. The performance of the CDLE process is sensitive to the configuration of porous electrodes and operation parameters for ion extractio...

The influence of salt concentrations on the performance of reverse electrodialysis (RED) stacks has rarely been investigated using thermolytic salts such as NH4HCO3, that can be regenerated using waste heat and can be set at any desired concentration below saturation limits. Here, power densities produced by a RED stack were first investigated using different NaCl concentrations, and then teste...