Abstract During the 2019 Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) outbreak in Michigan, two 2-month old Mexican wolf pups experienced neurologic signs, lymphohistiocytic neutrophilic meningoencephalitis with neuronal necrosis and neuronophagia, acute death. We identified EEEV by reverse transcription real-time PCR situ hybridization. Vector mosquitoes were trapped at zoo.

The primate TRIM5 proteins constitute a class of restriction factors that prevent host cell infection by retroviruses from different species. The TRIM5 proteins act early after virion entry and prevent viral reverse transcription products from accumulating. We recently found that proteasome inhibitors altered the rhesus monkey TRIM5alpha restriction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1...

Reverse transcription of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type I (HIV-1) RNA genome is primed by a cellular tRNA-lys3 molecule that binds to the primer binding site (PBS). The PBS is predicted to be part of an extended RNA structure, consisting of a small U5-PBS hairpin and a large U5-leader stem. In this study we stabilized the U5-leader stem of HIV-1 to study its role in reverse transcription...

Primer-independent cDNA synthesis during reverse transcription hinders quantitative analysis of bidirectional mRNA synthesis in eukaryotes as well as in cells infected with RNA viruses. We report a simple RT-PCR-based assay for strand-specific gene-expression analysis. By modifying the cDNA sequence during reverse transcription, the opposite strands of target sequences can be simultaneously det...

One of the most unique viral replication schemes is that of the retroviruses (a class that includes the R N A tumor viruses). These viruses synthesize a doublestranded (DS) D N A copy of their single-stranded (SS) R N A genome as the initial event following infection of susceptible cells (see Weinberg 1977). The details of this process--called reverse transcription--are still obscure, but the g...

The aim of the present study was to assess transcription Listeria monocytogenes key virulence genes, namely sigB, prfA, hly, plcA, plcB, inlA, inlB, inlC and inlJ during subsistence on surface tomato, cucumber carrot stored at 4, 10 30 °C for 0, 0.5, 6 24 h. Gene relative assessed through reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). results obtained, indicated that pl...

Reverse transcription of mRNA is thought to be an important first step in a model that explains certain evolutionary changes within genes, such as the loss of introns or RNA editing sites. In this model, reverse transcription of mRNA produces cDNA molecules that replace part of the parental gene by homologous recombination. In vivo evidence of reverse transcription of physiologically relevant m...

objective: hla-g is a nonclassical major histocompatibility complex antigen and is expressed as seven isoforms, including four membrane bound (hla-g1 to –g4) and three soluble (hla-g5 to –g7) forms. the pattern of selective expression of hla-g transcripts in tissues shows the existence of a tight transcriptional control on the gene expression. it has been revealed that cytokines including inter...