In grand unified models, the abundance of superheavy magnetic monopoles in the universe can be suppressed if (1) the phase transition which creates the monopoles occurs after much supercooling; and (2) immediately after the phase transition, the effective monopole mass is large compared to the temperature. These requirements impose constraints on the history of the early universe. The Georgi-Gl...

Dr James Barry, a surgeon in the British Army from 1813 until his retirement in 1859, became famous after his death following the revelation that he was in fact a woman who had masqueraded as a man for no less than 56 years. This paper reviews Margaret Bulkley's student years at the University of Edinburgh from the time of her adoption of the identity of the youth calling himself James Barry. T...

One might question whether the great works in the history of science would get good reviews if subjected to the type of reviewing process to which psychologists are forced to submit their manuscripts. In some ways, behavioral scientists are too critical, and in other ways they are insufficiently so. To explore these issues, we imagine that great works from the history of nonsocial sciences were...

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Clinical practice guidelines incorporate the best available evidence for the management of a disease or an aspect of disease treatment or prevention into a single document for health care providers. The quality of practice guidelines has improved by adopting standard approaches to the development of guidelines and reviewing their quality for use in patient care. Implementing guidelines into cli...

objectives the research question addressed by this paper is, “what are the characteristics and findings of studies on workplace violence against emergency medical services personnel”? data sources a systematic literature review was conducted using online databases (pubmed, scopus, google scholar, and magiran) with the help of experienced librarians. study selection inclusion criteria comprised ...

BACKGROUND In Evidence-Based Medicine, clinical practice guidelines and systematic reviews are crucial devices for medical practitioners in making clinical decision. Clinical practice guidelines are systematically developed statements to support health care decisions for specific circumstances whereas systematic reviews are summaries of evidence on clearly formulated clinical questions. Biomark...

various psychotherapies for post-traumatic stress disorder and disturbances associated with it are used. the purpose of this review was to introduce of traditional and modern psychotherapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. the data was collected by searching of online databases, english articles selected from science direct, pubmed, proquest, and persian articles from medlib, ...

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a shift in medical paradigms and about solving clinical problems, acknowledging that intuition, unsystematic clinical experience, and pathophysiologic rationale are insufficient grounds for clinical decision-making. The importance of randomized trials has been created by the concept of the hierarchy of evidence in guiding therapy. Even though the concept of hier...