Reward-risk ratio optimization is an important mathematical approach in finance [54]. In this paper, we revisit the model by considering a situation where an investor does not have complete information on the distribution of the underlying uncertainty and consequently a robust action is taken against the risk arising from ambiguity of the true distribution. We propose a distributionally robust ...

The present studies investigated why video racing games increase players' risk-taking inclinations. Four studies reveal that playing video racing games increases risk taking in a subsequent simulated road traffic situation, as well as risk-promoting cognitions and emotions, blood pressure, sensation seeking, and attitudes toward reckless driving. Study 1 ruled out the role of experimental deman...

any sort of punishment could motivate any sort of prosocial behavior. In reality, punishment must conform itself to the circumscribed ability of organisms to learn. There is one species with a substantially expanded learning abilities: humans. It is no accident, therefore, that we also exhibit a uniquely flexible and productive prosocial behavior. To the extent that punishment (and also recipro...

OBJECTIVES Palliative family caregivers appear to experience the rewards of caregiving concurrent with burdens and negative feelings. Relatively few studies have attended to the positive and rewarding aspects in palliative family caregiving. In addition, most studies on rewards are retrospective and examine the experiences of bereaved family caregivers. The present study aimed at describing fee...

OBJECTIVE Of the few studies that have paid attention to feelings of reward in family palliative caregiving, most are retrospective and examine the experiences of bereaved family caregivers. Although feeling rewarded has been described as an influence that may facilitate the way family caregivers handle the caregiving situation, no study has sought to identify the factors associated with feelin...

Learning consists in the acquisition of knowledge. In Reinforcement Learning this is knowledge about how to reach a maximum of environmental reward. We are interested in the acquisition of knowledge that consists in having expectations of behavioral consequences. Behavioral consequences depend on the current situation, so it is necessary to learn in which situation S which behavior/reaction R l...

What makes people's interest in doing an activity increase or decrease? Regulatory fit theory (E. T. Higgins, 2000) provides a new perspective on this classic issue by emphasizing the relation between people's activity orientation, such as thinking of an activity as fun, and the manner of activity engagement that the surrounding situation supports. These situational factors include whether a re...

introduction: due to the fact that nurses constitute the highest percentage of hospital staff and quality of health care is largely influenced by their performance, evaluation of the internal environment from their perspective can greatly indicate the improvement and the strength points of the hospital. this study aimed to clarify nurses’ view regarding the status of the internal environment co...

Background and Aim: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between reward sensitivity and punishment sensitivity and positive emotion regulation strategies and negative emotion regulation strategies among students. Materials and methods: 189 students studying at one of Tehran Universities were selected by accessible random sampling method, and then Emotion Regul...