In the traditional fuzzy logic, the expert’s degree of confidence d(A&B) in a complex statement A&B (or A∨B) is uniquely determined by his/her degrees of confidence d(A) and d(B) in the statements A and B, as f&(d(A), d(B)) for an appropriate “and”-operation (t-norm). In practice, for the same degrees d(A) and d(B), we may have different degrees d(A&B) depending on the relation between A and B....

The paper dwells on the problems of stability of dynamical systems on a time scale. The paper is divided into the following sections: local existence and uniqueness, dynamic inequalities, existence of extremal solutions, comparison results, linear variation of parameters, nonlinear variation of parameters, global existence and stability, comparison theorems, stability criteria, etc.

lateral resistance of railway track is one of the most important parameters in lateral stability. this parameterdepends!on the conditions of different components of ballasted railway track (such as density of ballast layer,sleeper spacing, type of sleeper, etc.). from this perspective, type of sleeper has an important effect on lateralresistance. however in some conditions, in technical and eco...

Hedonic games provide a natural model of coalition formation among self-interested agents. The associated problem of finding stable outcomes in such games has been extensively studied. In this paper, we identify simple conditions on expressivity of hedonic games that are sufficient for the problem of checking whether a given game admits a stable outcome to be computationally hard. Somewhat surp...

abstract wind erosion of soils and suspended particles in iran is one of the serious environmental and agricultural problems which affect agricultural lands, water reservoirs, irrigation canals, drains and etc. therefore wind erosion control needs attention specially in arid and semi-arid regions. although in recent years, some polymeric materials have been used for improvement of structural st...

cyclodextrins (cds) are a family of cyclic oligosaccharides which are composed of α (1,4) -linked glucopyranose subunits. thebest-characterized forms are α, β and γ cd which are consisted of six, seven and eight d-glucose units, respectively. cyclodextrins are produced from starch by enzymatic degradation. these macrocyclic carbohydrates with polar internal cavities can form complexes with and ...

Fabrication of thin-film solar cells (TFSCs) on substrates other than Si and glass has been challenging because these nonconventional substrates are not suitable for the current TFSC fabrication processes due to poor surface flatness and low tolerance to high temperature and chemical processing. Here, we report a new peel-and-stick process that circumvents these fabrication challenges by peelin...