2014 Thermal undulations of fluid layers, whose strength depends on layer rigidity, are shown to reduce the effective rigidity. The decrease is calculated in a first-order approximation for weak rippling. The undulation modes are defined as director waves so that the curvatures satisfy the superposition principle. J. Physique 46 (1985) 1263-1268 JUILLET 1985, 1 Classification Physics Abstracts ...

Graphene is the stiffest material known so far but, due to its one-atom thickness, it also very bendable. Consequently, free-standing graphene exhibit ripples that has major effects on elastic properties. Here we will summarize three experiments where influence of rippling essential address results. Firstly, observed atomic vacancies lessen negative thermal expansion coefficient graphene. We an...

IFE designs for thick liquid protection of heavy-ion inertial fusion reactors utilize banks of liquid jets to protect sensitive beam line components from neutrons and debris following target explosions. IFE designers must have knowledge of the surface quality of these jets in order to determine the distance between the jets and the ion beams that must propagate through the void spaces between t...

BACKGROUND Acellular dermal matrix has been used for over a decade in primary breast reconstruction. Few articles have specifically examined its use in revision breast reconstruction for fold malposition, capsular contracture, rippling, and symmastia. METHODS One hundred thirty-five revision breast reconstructive procedures using acellular dermal matrix (AlloDerm) in 118 patients (154 breasts...

Given the set of square matrices M ⊂ Mn+m(C) that keep the subspace W = Cnx{0} ⊂ C invariant, we obtain the implicit form of a miniversal deformation of a matrix a ∈ M, and we compute it explicitely when this matrix is marked (this is, if there is a permutation matrix p ∈ Mn+m(C) such that p−1ap is a Jordan matrix). We derive some applications to tackle the classical Carlson problem.

When a bubble of air rises to the top of a highly viscous liquid, it forms a dome-shaped protuberance on the free surface. Unlike a soap bubble, it bursts so slowly as to collapse under its own weight simultaneously, and folds into a wavy structure. This rippling effect occurs for both elastic and viscous sheets, and a theory for its onset is formulated. The growth of the corrugation is governe...