This paper discusses the results of an investigation into ways in which the safety risks of travel on road and rail interact with each other in Great Britain, other than through physical contact such as at level crossings. The two main foci of the paper are: (1) an analysis of the 'whole journey' risks of journeys for which the national rail system is the main mode, but which also include stage...

An extension to models for the Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP) is applied to the Saudi Arabian Red Crescent Society (SARCS), Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. The purpose is to identify the optimal locations of emergency medical service (EMS) stations. This is achieved by firstly locating these stations so the maximum expected demand may be reached within a pre-specified target time. Then, se...

At city level, personal monitoring is the best way to assess people's exposure. However, it is usually estimated from a few monitoring stations. Our aim was to determine the exposure to black carbon (BC) and BC dose for 45 schoolchildren with portable microaethalometers and to evaluate the relationship between personal monitoring and fixed stations at schools (indoor and outdoor) and in an urba...

Objective: Emergency medical services systems are at the first line of dealing with patients who suffer from various infections. Conducting investigations on the bacterial contamination of emergency ambulances play a crucial role to improve the occupational health of staff as well as the quality of patient care. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of Staphylo...

Advanced airway management skills are essential for emergency physicians and are a required competency for trainees sitting for the Fellowship of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine. The technical psychomotor skills are best taught under supervision in the operating theatre or the emergency department, but the decision making and organisational skills needed to apply them safely and...

background: injuries and fatalities from road traffic injuries are global public health concerns, and a major problem in the iran. this study aimed to explore strategies to control road traffic injuries (rti) in iran. methods: we conducted a qualitative study to explore possible ways to reduce the occurrence of road traffic injuries in iran in 2016. interviewees were purposively sampled from va...

background: motor vehicle traffic injuries are indeed one of the most important worldwide health problems. opioids can induce a depressant effect on the central nervous system which may increase the risk of traffic accidents. this cross-sectional case-control study was conducted in marvdasht, iran to investigate the presence of drugs in hospitalized non-fatally injured drivers of motor vehicles...

background india currently has the dubious distinction of experiencing the highest number of road traffic accidents in the world. objectives we believe that this study on road traffic accidents may help to identify factors in the pre-hospital setting that may influence mortality rates. patients and methods a prospective observational study was carried out in a metro area in india over a period ...

serovar isolated from a canal in Louisiana in 1978 revealed it to be identical to that of V. cholerae 01 isolated in 1905 from a pilgrim at the El Tor quarantine station. The two strains are associated with sharply contrasting habitats. Ranges of variation of 5 to 15% in procaryotic 5S rRNA sequences between species are typical; variation within species may be 2% or greater. Because the 5S rRNA...