BACKGROUND Transport is an important determinant of health and there is a well-established association between socio-economic status (SES) and risk of road accidents. Effective traffic calming interventions such as 20 mph zones and limits may therefore improve health and reduce health inequalities. METHODS Systematic review methodology was used to identify systematic reviews of the effects of...

Failures of road embankments on discontinuous permafrost commonly occur during thawing of the foundation soil. As an approximation, weak zones created by thawing of discontinuous permafrost can be considered as ‘voids’ within the foundation. Geosynthetic reinforcements have been used to bridge these ‘voids’ and provide support to the embankment fill. This paper presents results of a numerical i...

Knowing the location of the road in an intelligent traffic systems is one of the most used solutions to ease vehicle detection. For this purpose we propose a vehicle recognition algorithm which performs a real time automatic detection of the zones which vehicles occupy. Such algorithm is capable of functioning under extreme conditions such as low resolution, low capture angle and gray scale ima...

0006-3207/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.10.011 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +46 90 786 82 77; fax E-mail addresses:[email protected] (W. Neu (G. Ericsson), [email protected] (H. Dettki), n.bun Bunnefeld), [email protected] (N.S. Keuler), helme [email protected] (V.C. Radeloff). Human–wildlife conflicts like wildlife–vehicle collisions pose major chall...

Speed management represents an important strategy in order to improve road safety, because a strong relationship is between speed and crash occurrence and severity. Speed limits enforcement is the main measure to control operating speeds but to obtain the compliance of drivers, the limits must be safe but also credible. This means that road users have to regard the speed limit as logical under ...

BACKGROUND There are lingering concerns about caffeine consumption during pregnancy or the early postnatal period, partly because there may be long-lasting behavioral changes after caffeine exposure early in life. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We show that pregnant wild type (WT) mice given modest doses of caffeine (0.3 g/l in drinking water) gave birth to offspring that as adults exhibited ...

Due to the aging U.S. highway system and the frequent presence of work zones, highway work zone safety is garnering increasing attention. Police enforcement is sometimes used by U.S. transportation agencies for safety improvement in work zones. The important question that must be answered by those responsible for programming police enforcement in work zones is: where, when and how to enforce? T...