A common contention is that the construction of highway bypasses negatively impacts the economy of local communities by reducing pass-by traffic for businesses. However, as access to specific business account records is limited, this is difficult to quantify. Another common contention is that a reduction in crashes will be achieved. The actual impact of highway bypasses in the United States has...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Both distractions (external and internal) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are serious risk factors for traffic crashes and injuries. However, it is still unknown if ADHD (a chronic condition) modifies the effect of distractions (irregular hazards) on traffic crashes. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of distractions and ADHD on tr...

INTRODUCTION This project examined the use of first aid by bystanders at road traffic crashes (RTC) and was undertaken in the context of increasing average ambulance response times to RTC throughout Australia and the potential impact of early first aid intervention on the mortality and morbidity associated with RTC. The aim of this project was to acquire knowledge about the prevalence of first ...

BACKGROUND Off-road vehicles are popular and thrilling for youth outside urban settings, yet sometimes result in a serious crash that requires emergency medical care. The relation between birthdays and the subsequent risk of an off-road vehicle crash is unknown. METHODS We conducted a population-based before-and-after longitudinal analysis of youth who received emergency medical care in Ontar...

As part of the Wisconsin road weather safety initiative, the objective of this study is to assess the effects of rainfall on the severity of single-vehicle crashes on Wisconsin interstate highways utilizing polychotomous response models. Weather-related factors considered in this study include estimated rainfall intensity for 15 min prior to a crash occurrence, water film depth, temperature, wi...

A number of operational and geometric factors impact the safety of at-grade intersections. Examples include the type of traffic control, the existence of left-turn lanes, and adequate sight distance. Determining whether an intersection of particular geometric design has unusual crash patterns could help identify those locations that need additional safety evaluation. During the last two years, ...

Road traffic crashes (RTCs) remain a leading cause of death and injury. The aim of this study was to explore the use of hospital data as a source of RTC-related injury data in Ireland, as current systems are believed to under-estimate the burden. Information on inpatient discharges for years 2005-2009, admitted with RTC-related injuries were extracted from HIPE. There were 14,861 discharges; 9,...

Evaluating safety impacts of network planning alternatives have a potential to improve safety in a proactive manner at the system level and at a minor cost of additional analysis. This paper presents a computer-implemented GIS-based method of predicting safety for planning alternatives. Although applicable to large road networks, the method predicts crashes at the road facility level (intersect...