one of the most important parameters used for determining the performance of tunnel boring machines (tbms) is their penetration rate. the parameters affecting the penetration rate can be divided in two categories. the first category is the controllable parameters such as the tbm technical characteristics, and type and geometry of the tunnel, and the second one is the uncontrollable parameters s...

Engineering structures are of great importance in the comfort and safe travel people who prefer highway existing transportation networks. Highway tunnels one most important engineering that easily overcome problems. This study investigates geological geotechnical Kırık tunnel on Erzurum-Rize route, makes rock mass classification required for excavation according to New Austrian Tunneling Method...

Rock strata in a coal mining environment are essentially bedded in nature and hence exhibit specific load-deformation characteristics. Mining may induce shearing as well as separation along the bedding planes which may result in bending and subsequent fracturing of the rock layer. This on the other hand may substantially change the in situ fluid flow properties of the rock mass, such as permeab...

The Geological Strength Index (GSI) system, proposed in 1995, is now widely used for the estimation of the rock mass strength and the rock mass deformation parameters. The GSI system concentrates on the description of two factors, rock structure and block surface conditions. The guidelines given by the GSI system are for the estimation of the peak strength parameters of jointed rock masses. The...

Since rock fracture is a key property for different rock engineering applications, rock fracture measurement is often carried out in classifying the rock mass. Most geo-mechanics models (e.g. finite element) are of the equivalent continuum type in which fractures are represented not individually, but by their influence on a large element of the rock mass. Elastic modulus, for example, is obtain...

Modelling a rock mass in an accurate and realistic way allows researchers to reduce the uncertainty associated with its characterisation and reproduce the intrinsic spatial variability and heterogeneities present in the rock mass. However, there is often a lack of a structured methodology to characterise heterogeneous rock masses using geotechnical information available from the prospection pha...