i Statement of Originality ix Acknowledgements xi Communications and Publications xiii Abbreviations xv Table of Figures xix Table of Tables xxiii Nomenclature xxv CHAPTER

mittees of their compatriots, and report to the subsequent Congress. At Copenhagen, although I was only able to report one meeting of the International Committee without definite result, the subject was still deemed of sufficient importance to be referred back to the committee, in the hope that farther interchange of ideas might be made so as to furnish a report which should form a basis for fu...

Replacing cows on a dairy is a major cost of operation. There is a need for the industry to adopt a more standardized approach to reporting the rate at which cows exit from the dairy, and to reporting the reasons why cows are replaced and their destination as they exit the dairy. Herd turnover rate is recommended as the preferred term for characterizing the cows exiting a dairy, in preference t...

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The bacterial flora of the female periurethral area was studied by impression cultures taken by polystyrene sponges, the results being recorded by photographic contact printing. With this technique it is possible to observe the preferential colonisation of different areas by different organisms and to detect persistent colonisation by pathogens. In assessing the possible aetiological importance...

iii Nomenclature v

_______________________________________________________________ iii Acknowledgements ________________________________________________________ v Nomenclature ____________________________________________________________ix Introduction______________________________________________________________ 1 Background____________________________________________________________ 1 Context____________________...