Provision of reliable rolling stock and infrastructure equipment is an important part in achieving high levels of safety. Therefore, the railway industry uses different methods and tools to improve the performance of different subsystems in order to ensure safety and reliability, which are the important factors for passengers and cargo transportation. Hence, reliability analysis is required to ...

Connectivity among diverse habitats can buffer populations from adverse environmental conditions, influence the functioning of meta-ecosystems, and ultimately affect the reliability of ecosystem services. This stabilizing effect on populations is proposed to derive from complementarity in growth and survival conditions experienced by individuals in the different habitats that comprise meta-ecos...

We examine the participation of public and private firms in merger waves and productivity outcomes. We show that public firms participate more than private firms as buyers and sellers of assets and their participation is more cyclical. Public firms are affected more by credit spreads and aggregate market valuation. Public firm transactions are also impacted positively by their stock market valu...

In India agriculture is operated and maintained by family of farmers. The proper financial accounting is not maintained in agriculture. Attention should be given on proper accounting in agriculture. The incomplete records are maintained on cash basis. Proper maintenance of accounts is useful for owners, government and research agencies. Government decided subsidy for fertilizers, manures and fo...

Declining union density in many industrialized countries raises the interest in alternative ways of labor relations and worker representation. Provided that workplace representation has desirable social consequences; for a policy maker its effect on firm productivity is crucial for evaluating its usefulness. German works councils are the most powerful form of institutionalized work place repres...

The productivity of the airline industry has increased over time after the deregulation. Longer flights, higher aircraft utilization rates, along with more fuel efficient aircraft, and operational plans designed to economize fuel are major reasons to expect better productivity performance in the airline industry. This achievement cannot be realized unless technological changes in the aircraft m...

Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) is one of the most famous indices, which is used for estimating the productivity change of a Decision Making Unit (DMU) during the time. Virtually any empirical study that uses MPI, reports average of the productivity indices they estimate to represent the overall tendency in productivity changes. In such a case, productivity indices of a DMU are considered wi...

This article revisits the relationship between IT and productivity, and investigates the impact on information technology (IT) investments. Using the MARS techniques, we show that although IT Stock is the greatest predictor variable for productivity (Value Added), it is only significant as an interaction variable, combined with Non-IT Capital, Non-IT Labor, Industry, or Size.

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Typical passenger trains have specific weights between 400 and 800 kg per seat, but some high speed trains such as the German ICE 2 have values as high as 1100 kg/seat. Although there are some railway-specific limits to light-weight efforts, such as side wind stability, the Japanese Shinkansen (537 kg per seat) and the Copenhagen suburban trains (360kg per seat) may serve as benchmarks for ligh...