An in vitro study was performed to determine the number of roots, root canals per tooth, root canal configurations, and frequency of isthmi and apical deltas in mandibular first permanent molars in an Indian population. Hundred and fifty mandibular first permanent molars were collected and subjected to clearing technique. The cleared teeth were examined in a stereomicroscope under 7.5x magnific...

Root shortening as a result of apical root resorption is an undesirable consequence of orthodontic treatment. The objective was to determine the prevalence of external apical root resorption in a sample of Sudanese orthodontic patients treated with fixed appliances and to evaluate the association of treatment duration, age, gender and the type of malocclusion on the degree of external apical ro...

conclusions most extracted maxillary first molars were three rooted and four canals. cbct has relatively high reproducibility and accuracy of distinguishing mb2 canal. results we found 100% of cases with three separated roots, from which 69.23% had four canals including mb2 and 30.77% with three canals. 71.3% of mesiobuccal roots were two canals of type two vertucci and 28.7% type 4 with the me...

A study of 150 extracted maxillary first premolars from citizens of Seville, Andalusía, southern Spain, revealed 60 teeth with one root (40.0%), 85 teeth with two roots (56.7%) and five teeth with three roots (3.3%). The distribution of root canal shapes in the sample showed that all teeth with two or three roots had type I root canals (each canal had one apical foramen). Conversely, most of th...

The use of recent technologies for the increase of growth indexes and the plants yields is an important aspects and till now many research works for this has been done. One of these efforts is the usage of magnetic water and zeolite for the increase of yield plants. This research work is an study on the effects of magnetic water and zeolite that has been done on frame work of pore random design...

The use of recent technologies for the increase of growth indexes and the plants yields is an important aspects and till now many research works for this has been done. One of these efforts is the usage of magnetic water and zeolite for the increase of yield plants. This research work is an study on the effects of magnetic water and zeolite that has been done on frame work of pore random design...

Experiments with ethylene-insensitive tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and petunia (Petunia x hybrida) plants were conducted to determine if normal or adventitious root formation is affected by ethylene insensitivity. Ethylene-insensitive Never ripe (NR) tomato plants produced more below-ground root mass but fewer above-ground adventitious roots than wild-type Pearson plants. Applied auxin (ind...

T he list of long-term complications after surgical intervention for acute type A aortic dissection includes recurrent dissection, aneurysm formation, and aortic valve regurgitation. Ten years after the initial operation for acute type A dissection, the reoperation rate for these kinds of long-term complications is 13% to 30% in the literature.1 The diseased aortic root in these patients is com...

The purpose of the investigation was to establish the exact number of root canals in the maxillary first permanent molar, their direction, type and relation, based upon a large number of random samples. Randomly chosen 443 maxillary first permanent molars (221 left and 222 right) were investigated with the aim to get more knowledge into the morpho­ logy of the endodontic space. One canal in the...