Today wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained grate popularity and are widely used in variety of areas due to their unique features. WSNs are deployed in an ad-hoc manner and consist of a large number of tiny sensor nodes. The sensor nodes communicate with each other through the routes established by the routing algorithms. Routing is considered as a challenging task in WSNs because it can ...

Generally, the inventory routing problem occurs in a supply chain where customers consider the supplier responsible for inventory replenishment. In this situation, the supplier finds the answer to questions regarding the time and quantity of delivery to the customer as well as the sequence of customers in the routes. Considering the effect of production decisions on answering these questions, t...

In order to improve the energy efficiency of cognitive wireless sensor network, this paper introduces threshold-sensitive energy efficient sensor network (TEEN) routing protocol into cognitive wireless sensor network. To make routing and spectrum more stable, this paper presents advanced threshold-sensitive energy efficient sensor network (A-TEEN), which is the optimization of TEEN. A-TEEN opti...

This paper proposes a routing strategy for wireless sensor networks that is valid even when the sensor nodes are distributed nonuniformly. Energy efficiency is the most important consideration in wireless sensor networks; hence, global communication should be achieved by combinations of local messages. We first propose a new underlying graph called the almost Delaunay planar net, which can be c...

High-speed Wireless LANs based on 802.11 technologies are becoming increasingly ubiquitous. IEEE 802.11n is the last standard toward achieving higher speeds and aims to enhance 802.11 for higher throughput. Few works studied 802.11n medium access control (MAC) layer, but unfortunately, effects of higher physical rates is sti ll unknown to the upper layers and especially routing layer of these n...

This paper gives utmost predictive comparative analysis of two hybrid routing protocol which includes Zone routing protocol (ZRP), Hybrid wireless mesh protocol (HWMP) and reactive protocol which is Adhoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol against the real time vulnerable security attacks in the network layer. The primary objective is to provide analysis which describes the use o...

Routing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an extremely challenging issue due to the features of WSNs. Inspired by the large and single-celled amoeboid organism, slime mold Physarum polycephalum, we establish a novel selecting next hop model (SNH). Based on this model, we present a novel Physarum-based routing scheme (P-bRS) for WSNs to balance routing efficiency and energy equilibrium. In P...

In this paper, we propose a new Quality Link Metric (QLM), “Inverse Expected Transmission Count (InvETX)” in Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol. Then we compare performance of three existing QLMs which are based on loss probability measurements; Expected Transmission Count (ETX), Minimum Delay (MD), Minimum Loss (ML) in Static Wireless Multi-hop Networks (SWMhNs). A novel contribution...

ATM Forum has defined Private Network-to-Network Interface (PNNI) for routing between ATM switches. There are actually two protocols in the PNNI specification: a routing protocol distributing consistent network topology information between switches and signalling protocol setting up a connection. The requirements for both protocols are efficiency and scalability to large networks, support for Q...

Along with the widespread application of the electronic commerce in the modern business, the logistic distribution has become increasingly important. More and more enterprises recognize that the logistic distribution plays an important role in the process of production and sales. A good routing for logistic distribution can cut down transport cost and improve efficiency. In order to cut down tr...