© 2012 Lawal-Adebowale, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Dynamics of Ruminant Livestock Management in the Context of the Nigerian Agricultur...

The use of antimicrobial drugs and coccidiostats in poultry farming is widespread, with a significant proportion these being excreted released into the environment. residues such litter (PL) can result development antibiotic-resistant bacteria. impact different biotic treatments (aerobic, anaerobic, stacking) on broiler (BL) before its as animal feed has not been studied extensively, nor have d...

The majority of ruminant livestock production occurs in temperate grasslands where animals are allowed to graze or are fed harvested forages (i.e., hays or silages). As a result, forages comprise 50 to 90% of total feed consumed by ruminants during their production cycle (Reid and Jung, 1982). In the U.S., beef cattle production is often viewed as an intensive enterprise because of finishing ca...

Propionic acid (PA) is a fungicide and bactericide, registered to control fungi and bacteria in stored grains, hay, grain storage areas, poultry litter, and drinking water for livestock and poultry. European Union (EU) certifies PA as the great of grain preserver and most efficient in controlling Salmonella and other pathogens. Recently it is used as feed additive in poultry and non-ruminant pr...

Potassium diformate (Formi) is odorless, low-corrosive and easy to handle. The European Union (EU) has approved it as non-antibiotic growth promoter, for use in non ruminant feeds. Maximum inclusion level of potassium diformate is 1.8% as registered by the European authorities which can improve weight gain up to 14%. Potassium diformate contains the active ingredients free formic acid as well a...

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, Mad cow disease) is generally considered to be caused by recycling animal by-products as ingredient in animal, especially ruminant, feed. Feed bans were enforced to minimize the risk on infections, and monitoring programs are effectuated for controlling the ban. The only official detection method is visual (microscopic) examination of the presence of prima...

Lignocellulosic carbohydrates, i.e. cellulose and hemicellulose, have abundant potential as feedstock for production of biofuels and chemicals. However, these carbohydrates are generally infiltrated by lignin. Breakdown of the lignin barrier will alter lignocelluloses structures and make the carbohydrates accessible for more efficient bioconversion. White-rot fungi produce ligninolytic enzymes ...

Quail litter (QL), a combination of accumulated quail manures, feathers, spilled feed and bedding materials, is a potential plant fertilizer, ruminant feed ingredient and other value-added applications. In general, utilization of this litter has been limited to within a few kilometers of quail farms, because it has low density. Pelleting is one possible way to enhance storage, transportation an...

As a ruminant species, goats are able to valorize fibrous feeds and non-protein nitrogen to produce meat and milk in extensive feeding systems. They are also able to attain high production levels when they have the potential and receive a diet of high nutritive value. There is a trade-off between the cost of the diet and increased production, which needs to be evaluated in the context of climat...