national currency depreciation or appreciation has always been argued seriously among policymakers since changing in exchange rate could cause improvement or deficit in trade balance. these changes affect the trade volume of a country in both short-run and long-run. long-run effects are recognized as the marshall-lerner condition, while short-run effects are analyzed by two concepts: j-curve an...

This paper is one of the first which provides an in-depth quantitative analysis how development tourism industry impacts on size shadow economy a specific destination. The employs time-series techniques and annual data from 1960 to 2018 Turkey. First, estimated using electricity consumption method. estimates are then used assess effect economy. findings show that there negative relationship bet...

What motivates runners to bunch at round finishing times? Is it merely the immediate gratification that time brings, or do athletes set single-stage subgoals help them attain multiple-stage end goals related their future performance? To examine this question, I construct a new panel data covers all times of 7000 major running events different distances organized in Netherlands between 1996–2016...