The paper discusses the institutional reforms for rural electrification (RE) in Thailand and Bangladesh and analyses the impacts of private sector participation in electricity generation and tariff reforms on the poor in Thailand. RE program in Thailand, initiated in 1977, increased electricity access by rural households from 7% in early 70s to 97% by 2000. In Bangladesh the RE program, initiat...

Socioeconomic trends and developments within the U.S. healthcare system have challenged rural hospitals' ability to maintain adequate operating margins and offer needed services. However, some hospitals have fared better in this negative environment than have others. To clarify factors that distinguish the most viable rural Catholic hospitals from the least viable, our study identified a group ...

The New South Wales Department of Health (NSW Health) wishes to make appropriate use of casemix data as inputs to the determination of funding levels for small rural hospitals. However, other factors such as hospital size and degree of isolation might need to be taken into account. The study reported here involved correlation of actual expenditures with those predicted by use of a casemix model...

Despite a broad consensus that high transportation costs are a large barrier to economic development, many of the world’s poor live in rural communities without paved roads, impeding their access to outside markets and public services. Nevertheless, the impact of rural roads on economic activity has proven difficult for economists to assess. We first motivate our empirical approach by demonstra...

India has seen high levels of unemployment in recent years. Understanding how an episode job loss affects household consumption expenditure is important for designing effective safety net programs. We apply difference-in-difference and quantile regressions to a high-frequency panel data from nationally representative survey 1,75,000 households 2019 estimate the impact on – urban rural household...

Structural unemployment differs from cyclical unemployment by not disappearing in cyclical booms. In economic theory, structural unemployment is usually analyzed in terms of the concept of equilibrium unemployment (the “natural unemployment rate” in Friedman’s terminology). Two elaborate concepts of equilibrium unemployment – the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (the NAIRU) and t...

Variations in the frequency and tone of news media are focus a growing literature. However, to date, empirical investigations have primarily confirmed existence such differences at country level. This paper extends those insights subnational We provide theoretical arguments support for systematic regional variations sentiments related innovation new technologies. These reflect socio-economic st...

Banberz, Banbor, and Sabziabad neighborhoods are three residential districts on the peripheryof Ilam city, and are facing a lot of problems namely social, economic, and physical, particularly in housing sectorincluding low quality, poor housing, limited-quantity housing. In order to assess the sustainability of housing, 75indicators and to rank districts, SPSS software (exploratory factor analy...