A damage rating scale for wheat and barley seedlings was developed by Webster et al. (1991) based on visual The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), rating of leaf chlorosis, leaf streaking, and leaf spotting. has become a major pest of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the This visual rating was on a scale of 1 to 9 (1 no western USA. STARS-9577B (PI 591617), a six-rowed, sprin...

A concern associated with the growing of genetically modified (GM) crops is that they could adversely affect non-target organisms. We assessed the impact of several transgenic powdery mildew-resistant spring wheat lines on insect herbivores. The GM lines carried either the Pm3b gene from hexaploid wheat, which confers race-specific resistance to powdery mildew, or the less specific anti-fungal ...

The harpin protein Hpa1 has multiple beneficial effects in plants, promoting plant growth and development, increasing crop yield, and inducing resistance to pathogens and insect pests. For these effects, the 10-40 residue fragment (Hpa1₁₀₋₄₂) isolated from the Hpa1 sequence is 1.3- to 7.5-fold more effective than the full-length protein. Here it is reported that the expression of Hpa1₁₀₋₄₂ unde...

From 1998 to 2001, the relationship between the proportion of tillers with >0 mummified aphids (Ptm) and the proportion of cereal aphids parasitized (Pp) was estimated on 57 occasions in fields of hard red winter wheat located in central and western Oklahoma. Both original (57 fields) and validation data (34 fields; 2001-2002) revealed weak relationships between Ptm and Pp, however, when Ptm > ...