light as an important environmental factor, influences many aspects of plant growth and development. leaves are different in some characters including stomatal behavior under shade or light conditions. in this study, the effects of different levels of light intensity on stomatal behavior of two rose cultivars, ‘gulmira’ and ‘red one’, were evaluated under controlled conditions. to obtain differ...

In this research, we extract paraphrases from Japanese Web news articles that are long and aimed at displaying on personal computer screens and mobile news articles that are short and compact and aimed at mobile terminals’ small screens. We have collected them for more than two years, and aligned them at article level and then at sentence level. As the result, we got more than 88,000 pairs of a...

Paraphrases are different ways of expressing the same content. Two sentences are said to be paraphrases if they are semantically equivalent. Identification of paraphrases has numerous applications such as Information Extraction, Question Answering, etc. The traditional systems use threshold values to decide whether two sentences are paraphrases. This threshold determination process is independe...

Recognizing and generating paraphrases is an important component in many natural language processing applications. A wellestablished technique for automatically extracting paraphrases leverages bilingual corpora to find meaning-equivalent phrases in a single language by “pivoting” over a shared translation in another language. In this paper we revisit bilingual pivoting in the context of neural...

Previous work has used monolingual parallel corpora to extract and generate paraphrases. We show that this task can be done using bilingual parallel corpora, a much more commonly available resource. Using alignment techniques from phrasebased statistical machine translation, we show how paraphrases in one language can be identified using a phrase in another language as a pivot. We define a para...

Abstract In this paper, we study natural language paraphrasing from both corpus creation and modeling points of view. We focus in particular on the methodology that allows extraction challenging examples paraphrase pairs their textual context, leading to a dataset potentially more suitable for evaluating models’ ability represent meaning, especially document when compared with those gathered us...

relations, such as, Agent, Location, Instrument, suggested in Barker and Szpakowicz (1998), Finin (1980), Girju et al. (2005), Kim and Baldwin (2005, 2008), Moldovan et al. (2004), Rosario and Hearst (2001). Generalized prepositions, such as, Of, For, In, proposed by Lauer (1995). Recoverably deletable predicates (RDPs) to interpret semantic relations in the NCs (Levi, 1978). Semantic relations...