black humor plays a crucial role in fulfilling langston hughes's anti-racist purposes as an integral notionin his poetry. accordingly, translation(s) of his poetry are to benefit from the same indexes onthe basis of equivalent effect principle. on this account, 33 black-humor-rich poems of hughes, translatedby ahmad shamloo, yaghma golruee and hassan fayyad, were selected to be analyzed co...

this paper examines the nature of language in the works of mawlana jalal al-din rumi and consists of three sections: language and reality in rumi; the complex view of language in fihi ma fihi (the discourses of rumi); and, poetry and mysticism in rumi. the paper discusses three main topics: rumi's ambivalent attitude to language, which is seen as both a means of conveying truth and guidanc...

With the rise of ecological branch of literary criticism many critics have attempted to explore the relationship of literature and environment. Consequently the role of literature, and especially poetry is re-examined from ecocentric perspective, that is, poetry is considered as promoting ecological consciousness. Some of the critics eve argue that this consciousness can be converted into activ...

Ukrainian literature of the 1960-80s is notable for creative achievements Sixtiers, hermeticism Kyiv school poetry, Samvydav activity, and dissident nonconformism, which was aesthetically enriched by poetic movement “silent poetry”. His practice involved a latent rejection political state, imposed its ideological criteria on culture. Poets continued to defend right self-realization, gave impetu...

â â  “macaronic” literally refers to an attribute for a thing which possesses two colors or two dissimilar qualities, and “macaronic verse”, in arabic rhetoric, points to a kind of poem whose words in one hemstitch or in the whole stitch are composed of words which include dotted letters (mo’jamah) whereas the words in another hemstitch or stitch possess letters with no dots (mohmalah...

romantic literary school at the beginning of its existence was considered as a clearly visible renewal in feeling and thinking both. this literary school was a revolution against the restrictions established by classical literary schools. in fact, romantic is one of the literal branches that formed first in europe, and then in the nineteenth century came into arabic literature, and arabic liter...

This paper is about the automatic generation of creative text, more precisely the automatic generation of poetry. It starts by presenting two possible categorisations for systems that aim generating poetry and then makes a brief overview on the existing attempts to this subject based on what can be found in the literature.