The respiratory system of birds is structurally and functionally very different from that of mammals and has therefore attracted a great deal of interest. Briefly, the avian respiratory system consists of paired lungs, where gas exchange with the blood occurs, and of several large air sacs (grouped as anterior and posterior sacs) that act as bellows to move gases over the exchange surfaces of t...

In a series of works, different models have shed light on the acoustic properties of air sacs, an organ located in the laryngeal region that is present in all great apes with the exception of humans. These works have shown how the loss of air sacs expands the number of possible digits but not the amount of signals per se. The number of signals in human language increased when the codifying prop...

Circulatory, respiratory, and digestive motions in Manduca sexta pupae were observed using proton-density weighted and fast-imaging with steady-state free procession magnetic resonance microscopy. Proton-density weighted images clearly differentiated pupal air sacs from the hemolymph and organs because, as expected, the air sacs appeared dark in these images. Steady-state free procession imagin...

Abstract Current research efforts on single-atom catalysts (SACs) exclusively focus nonmetal or transition-metal atoms as active centers, while employing main-group metal elements is seemingly excluded because their delocalized s/p-bands are prone to yield a broadened resonance for the interaction with adsorbates. Here, we use high-throughput first-principles calculations investigate possible i...

According to the literature on Environmental Policy Integration (EPI), decisionmaking in complex domains of environmental policy—of which climate change is a prime example—tend fragment and silo into individual dimensions problem. Scientific Advisory Committees (SACs) have been widely used promote more integrated decisionmaking. SACs are intended integrate varied, often fragmented, policy probl...

To investigate the intestinal absorption of a fibrinolytic and proteolytic lumbrokinase extracted from Eisenia andrei, we used rat everted gut sacs and an in situ closed-loop recirculation method. We extracted lumbrokinase from Eisenia andrei, and then raised polyclonal antibody against lumbrokinase. Fibrinolytic activity and proteolytic activity in the serosal side of rat everted gut sacs incu...

Ventilatory control of the composition of the gases in the air sacs was studied during entry into fasting-induced, shallow, nocturnal hypothermia in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia). Respiratory frequency (/), tidal volume (Vi) and oxygen uptake (VcO were recorded simultaneously in six pigeons; partial pressures of CO2 and O2 in the abdominal and interclavicular air sacs were measured in sev...

Closing both the carbon and nitrogen loops is a critical venture to support establishment of circular, net-zero economy. Although single atom catalysts (SACs) have gained interest for electrochemical reduction reactions dioxide (CO2RR) nitrate (NO3RR), structure–activity relationship Cu SAC coordination these remains unclear should be explored such that fundamental understanding developed. To t...

In Turkiye, Science and Art Centers (SACs) operate affiliated to the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) in order develop individual talents raise awareness gifted students preschool, primary school, secondary school high without disrupting their regular schooling. It is great importance for not only happiness children but also entire society identify them at an early age educate as required ...

Basal cells of stratified epidermis are anchored to the basement membrane zone (BMZ) of skin via hemidesmosomes. We previously identified integrin alpha 3 beta 1, in focal adhesions (FAs), of cultured human keratinocytes (HFKs) as a mediator of HFK adhesion to secreted BMZ-like extracellular matrix (ECM; Carter, W.G., E.A. Wayner, T.S. Bouchard, and P. Kaur. 1990. J. Cell Biol. 110: 1387-1404)....