Emerging standards and guidelines in the safety engineering field call for the application of safety assessment techniques throughout the development cycle of systems. Since much early work on design projects falls within the discipline of systems engineering, questions arise about the applicability of safety assessment techniques to system architectural descriptions and about the role of such ...

As the use of digital computers for instrumentation and control of safety-critical systems has increased, there has been a growing debate over the issue of whether probabilistic risk assessment techniques can be applied to digital systems. This debate has centered around the issue of whether software failures can be modeled probabilistically. This paper describes a contextbased approach to soft...

This chapter examines the safety assessment of systems that include people. Specifically, the chapter is concerned with the analysis of safety in complex, information systems that characteristically support dynamic processes involving large numbers of hardware, software and human elements interacting in many different ways. The chapter assumes little or no knowledge of either safety assessment ...

The exponential growth of the Internet of Things and the global popularity and remarkable decline in cost of the mobile phone is driving the digital transformation of medical practice. The rapidly maturing digital, non-medical world of mobile (wireless) devices, cloud computing and social networking is coalescing with the emerging digital medical world of omics data, biosensors and advanced ima...

Structural improvements at the vehicle front are state of the art in the field of pedestrian safety today and offer a basic passive protection. Meanwhile advanced safety systems have entered the market. Deployable systems, like the active bonnet or the windscreen airbag, further enhance the passive protection of passenger vehicles while systems of active safety such as autonomous emergency brak...

Death, illness, and injury are welfare-setbacks. So, too, is the fear of death, illness, and injury., Yet at the level of regulatory practice, a striking asymmetry between the physical and psychological constituents of welfare has emerged. Cost-benefit analysis by the EPA, NHTSA, FDA, OSHA, and other environmental, health, and safety agencies typically includes a quantitative "risk assessment,"...

background: attention to worker's health and safety is one of the priorities in health and medical delivery system of iran. this study was to assess health, medical and safety activities in hamadan province industries having more than 50 workers in 1997 . methods: the study group was made up of 3377 workers. for collecting data a questionnaire was provided and sent to the subject industries. he...

Uncertain input parameters may result from "fuzziness", "randomness" or "fuzzy randomness". With the use of fuzzy set theory, uncertain input parameters may be described mathematically as fuzzy variables or fuzzy random variables and may be integrated into safety assessment analysis. With the aid of -discretization involving the multiple solution of special optimization problems, fuzzy input pa...

The city is alive with dynamic systems, where parks and urban green spaces have high strategic importance which help to improve living conditions. Urban parks are used as visual landscape with so many benefits such as reducing stress, reducing air pollution and producing oxygen, creating opportunities for people to participate in physical activities, optimal environment for children and decreas...