Salience reasoning, many have argued, can help solve coordination problems, but only if such reasoning is supplemented by higher-order predictions, e.g. beliefs about what others believe yet will choose. In this paper, I argue that line of self-undermining. Higher-order behavioral predictions defeat salience-based predictions. To anchor my argument in the philosophical literature, develop it re...

Many studies of bottom-up visual attention have focused on identifying which features of a visual stimulus render it salient--i.e., make it "pop out" from its background--and on characterizing the extent to which salience predicts eye movements under certain task conditions. However, few studies have examined the relationship between salience and other cognitive functions, such as memory. We ex...

Humans shift their gaze to a new location several times per second. It is still unclear what determines where they look next. Fixation behavior is influenced by the low-level salience of the visual stimulus, such as luminance, contrast, and color, but also by high-level task demands and prior knowledge. Under natural conditions, different sources of information might conflict with each other an...

Previous research on implicit focus on form (FonF) has shown that target forms are not always noticed by learners, suggesting that externally-created salience (by the teacher) does not necessarily guarantee learners’ internally-generated salience (Sharwood Smith, 1991, 1993). In an attempt to explore ways of promoting both types of salience, an input enhancement study was conducted in order to ...

Items that stand out from their surroundings, that is, those that attract attention, are considered to be salient. Salience is generated by input features in many stimulus dimensions, like motion (M), color (C), orientation (O), and others. We focus on bottom-up salience generated by contrast between the feature properties of an item and its surroundings. We compare the singleton search reactio...

Disgust protects the physical self. The present authors suggest that disgust also contributes to the protection of the psychological self by fostering stronger defensive reactions to existential concerns. To test this idea, 3 studies examined the link between disgust sensitivity and defensive responses to mortality salience or "terror management" processes (Greenberg, Solomon, & Pyszczynski, 19...

Items that stand out from their surroundings, that is, those that attract attention, are considered to be salient. Salience is generated by input features in many stimulus dimensions, like motion (M), color (C), orientation (O), and others. We focus on bottom–up salience generated by contrast between the feature properties of an item and its surroundings. We compare the singleton search reactio...

The positive symptoms of schizophrenia (hallucinations and delusions) are unique to the schizophrenic disorders, and are a particularly debilitating symptom of psychopathology (APA, 2000). Salience dysregulation theory attempts to explain the presence of hallucinations and delusions through the notion of augmented incentive salience, wherein irregular dopamine neurotransmission results in other...

The complexity of the environment is such that even a snapshot in time from a single modality can exceed the processing capacity of the human brain (Tsotsos, 1990). This means that selection of some incoming stimuli for more detailed analysis (while ignoring other stimuli) is essential for efficient cognitive processing. Without such filtering we would be inundated with competing sensory impres...

Dear Editor, When an academician or clinician assumes the chair of department, multiple responsibilities dawn upon the chair that requires appropriate analysis and effective decision-making skills. Head of the department is uniquely poised to translate the organisational goals into the collective performance of the departmental members. Headship is an iterative process which necessitates ...