COMMENT: FRONTAL LOBES, EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION, GAIT, AND THE FALLACY OF PSEUDO-TRANSITIVITY Massimo Filippi, Federica Agosta, Milan, Italy; Vladimir Kostić, Belgrade, Serbia; on behalf of all authors of “Pattern of brain tissue loss associated with freezing of gait in Parkinson disease”: We thank Dr. Montgomery1 for his stimulating comments on our article. Our study showed that a specific patte...

Purpose. Motor freezing, the inability to produce effective movement, is associated with decreasing amplitude, hastening of movement, and poor coordination. We investigated how manipulations of movement amplitude and cadence affect upper extremity (UE) coordination as measured by the phase coordination index (PCI)-only previously measured in gait-and freezing of the upper extremity (FO-UE) in p...

To investigate the fouling characteristics of composite insulator surface under salt fog environment, FXBW-110/120-2 was taken as research object. Based on field-induced charge mechanism, multi-physical field coupling software COMSOL used to numerically simulate characteristics, explored calculation method ESDD, and demonstrated its rationality. this method, pollution environment were studied, ...

During Drosophila gastrulation, mesodermal precursors are brought into the interior of the embryo by formation of the ventral furrow. The first steps of ventral furrow formation involve a flattening of the apical surface of the presumptive mesodermal cells and a constriction of their apical diameters. In embryos mutant for folded gastrulation (fog), these cell shape changes occur but the timing...

Somatic and germline sex determination pathways have diverged significantly in animals, making comparisons between taxa difficult. To overcome this difficulty, we compared the genes in the germline sex determination pathways of Caenorhabditis elegans and C. briggsae, two Caenorhabditis species with similar reproductive systems and sequenced genomes. We demonstrate that C. briggsae has orthologs...

The mountain cloud forest of Taiwan can be delimited from other forest types using a map of the ground fog frequency. In order to create such a frequency map from remotely sensed data, an algorithm able to detect ground fog is necessary. Common techniques for ground fog detection based on weather satellite data cannot be applied to fog occurrences in Taiwan as they rely on several assumptions r...

While freezing of gait (FOG) is typically considered a motor impairment, the fact that it occurs more frequently in confined spaces suggests that perception of space might contribute to FOG. The present study evaluated how doorway size influenced characteristics of gait that might be indicative of freezing. Changes in spatiotemporal aspects of gait were evaluated while walking through three dif...

A multizinc finger protein, FOG-2, associates with a cardiac transcription factor, GATA-4, and represses GATA-4-dependent transcription. GATA-4 is required not only for normal heart development but is also involved in hypertrophic responses in cardiac myocytes; however, the effects of FOG-2 on these responses are unknown. The interaction of GATA-4 with a transcriptional coactivator p300 is requ...

Terrestrial Free-space optical communication (FSO) links have yet to achieve a mass market success due to the ever elusive 99.999% availability requirement. The terrestrial FSO links are heavily affected by atmospheric fog. To design systems which can achieve high availability and reliability in the presence of fog, accurate and better models of fog attenuation need to be developed. The current...