Salvia miltiorrhiza is an important medicinal plant with great economic and medicinal value. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of Salvia miltiorrhiza, the first sequenced member of the Lamiaceae family, is reported here. The genome is 151,328 bp in length and exhibits a typical quadripartite structure of the large (LSC, 82,695 bp) and small (SSC, 17,555 bp) single-copy regions, sepa...

In this thesis, new generalizations of the Bethe approximation and new understanding of the replica method are proposed. The Bethe approximation is an efficient approximation for graphical models, which gives an asymptotically accurate estimate of the partition function for many graphical models. The Bethe approximation explains the well-known message passing algorithm, belief propagation, whic...

BACKGROUND Salvia divinorum is a member of the Lamiaceae family and contains the psychotropic diterpene and kappa-opioid receptor agonist salvinorin-A. Originally a shamanic inebriant used by the Mexican Mazatec Indians, the plant and its preparations are becoming increasingly popular among non-traditional users. METHODS Demographic data and information on pattern of use and subjective effect...

The study designed to evaluate the protective effect of Salvia officinalis (SO) water extract against OVAinduced asthma in mice. The OVA-induced asthmatic mice exhibited significant increase in total leukocytes count, IL-4 and IL-5 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and eosinophils count in (BALF), in addition, to the serum total IgE level. Pathological changes in the lung were evalu...

The active ingredients of salvia (dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza) include both lipophilic (e.g., tanshinone IIA, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone I) and hydrophilic (e.g., danshensu and salvianolic acid B) constituents. The low oral bioavailability of these constituents may limit their efficacy. A solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS) was developed t...

Salvia hypoleuca is used in Iranian traditional medicine as an agent for treatment of some diseases and troubles. In this study, attention was focused on the antioxidant effect of Salvia hypoleuca. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of Salvia hypoleuca extract on Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis (EIU) in rats. In addition, the endotoxin-induced expression of the inducible nitric...

We show that regular Bethe ansatz eigenvectors of the XXZ spin chain at roots of unity are highest weight vectors and generate irreducible representations of the sl2 loop algebra. We show it in some sectors with respect to eigenvalues of the total spin operator SZ . Here the parameter q, which is related to the XXZ anisotropy ∆ through ∆ = (q + q−1)/2, is given by a root of unity, q2N = 1, for ...

BACKGROUND As an important perennial herbaceous flower, Salvia splendens possesses high ornamental value. Understanding its branching processes may help scientists select the best plant type. Although Salvia splendens is a frequently-used horticultural flower, only limited transcriptomic or genomic research is available in public databases. In the present study, we, for the first time, construc...