Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) is vital for water resource development, planning and management, particularly in the present global warming context. A large number empirical ET models have been developed estimating ET. The main limitations this method are that it requires several meteorological variables an extensive data span to comprehend pattern accurately, which not availabl...

A new multiscale Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) dataset is provided for a reference period (1960–1999) and two future time horizons (2040–2079) (2060–2099). The historical forcing based on combined climate observations reanalysis (WATer global CHange Forcing Dataset), the projections are fed by Fast Track experiment of Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Proj...

in this paper, we intend to solve special kind of ordinary differential equations which is called heun equations, by converting to a corresponding stochastic differential equation(s.d.e.). so, we construct a stochastic linear equation system from this equation which its solution is based on computing fundamental matrix of this system and then, this s.d.e. is solved by numerically methods. mo...

Studies examining potential evapotranspiration (PET) for a mature forest reference compared with standard grass are limited in the current literature. Data from three long-term weather stations located within 10 km of each other in the USDA Forest Service Santee Experimental Forest (SEF) in coastal South Carolina were used to (1) evaluate monthly and annual PET estimates from five different met...

Sovyetler Birliği’nin çöküşü ile birlikte bağımsızlığını kazanan ülkelerden biri olan Tacikistan, Sovyet baskısı son bulduğunda kendi tarihsel ve kültürel değerlerine dönmeye başlamış ulusal bir bilincin uyandırılması için çalışmalar başlatmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda kimlik inşa süreci harekete geçilmiştir. Dolayısıyla Tacikleri bölgenin diğer halklarından ayıran temel referans kaynaklarına y...

Potential evapotranspiration (ET0) is an indicator of great interest for water budget analysis and the agricultural sector. Therefore, purpose this study was to make calculation reliable even if only temperature data were present. In research, ET0 initially calculated a limited number weather stations (12) using Penman–Monteith method. some cases, simplified formula adopted, while in others, as...

Experiments were carried out against the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliv.) (RPW in a private orchard containing varieties of Samani (domestic) and Ikhlas (imported) infested with weevil (RPW) El-Marg area, Cairo Governorate, Egypt, using Petroleum oil, Jojoba Inorganic salts, singly mixed each insecticides (Acetamiprid, Profenofos, Dimethoate) by injection spraying trunks, as w...