The human genetic disease X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP), which is caused by mutations in SH2D1A/SAP that encode SLAM-associated protein (SAP), is characterized by an inability to control Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and hypogammaglobulinemia. It is unclear which aspects of XLP disease are specific to herpesvirus infection and which reflect general immunologic functions performed by SAP...

One of the manifestations of X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) is progressive agammaglobulinemia, caused by the absence of a functional signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP) in T, invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells and NK cells. Here we report that α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) activated NKT cells positively regulate antibody responses to haptena...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE While formal screening for dysphagia following acute stroke is strongly recommended, there is little evidence on how multi-consistency screening and dietary modifications affect the rate of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). This observational study reports which factors affect formal screening on a stroke-unit and how dietary recommendations relate to SAP. METHOD Analy...

BACKGROUND Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is a glycoprotein that is universally found associated with different types of amyloid deposits. It has been suggested that it stabilizes amyloid fibrils and therefore protects them from proteolytic degradation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this paper, we show that SAP binds not only to mature amyloid fibrils but also to early aggregates of amyl...

Background Polysaccharides extracted from fungus that have been used widely in the food and drugs industries due to biological activities. Objective The objective of the present study was to investigate the tumor-suppressive activity and mechanism of a novel polysaccharide (SAP) extracted from Sarcodon aspratus. Methods The SAP was extracted and purified using Sepharose CL-4B gel from S. as...

Continuous measurements of sap fow have been widely used to measure water fux through tree stems and branches. However, these measurements lack the resolution necessary for determining fne-scale, leaf-level responses to environmental variables. We used the heat ratio method to measure sap fow rates through leaf petioles and leafet petiolules of saplings of the tropical tree Tabebuia rosea (Bign...

The paper discusses the reasons of complexity rise in ERP system SAP R/3 and proposes a method for measuring complexity of SAP. A program in ABAP for measuring complexity of particular SAP implementation is proposed as a tool for keeping ERP complexity under control. Main principle of the measurement method is counting the number of items or relations in the system. The program is based on coun...

Sap flow measurements provide a powerful tool for quantifying plant water use and monitoring qualitative physiological responses of plants to environmental conditions. As such, sap flow methods are widely employed to investigate the agronomic, ecological, and hydrological outcomes of plant growth. The following summary provides an overview of thermodynamic sap flow measurement techniques used t...

A worldwide shortage of SAP related skills threatens the viability of many Enterprise Systems implementations limits the adoption of Enterprise Systems in developing countries. SAP, the leading Enterprise Systems vendor, has established its University Alliance Program (UAP) to help address these skill shortages. The SAP UAP provides the opportunity for universities to access SAP solutions and a...

Calibration of the Granier thermal dissipation technique for measuring stem sap flow in trees requires determination of the temperature difference (DeltaT) between a heated and an unheated probe when sap flow is zero (DeltaT(max)). Classically, DeltaT(max) has been estimated from the maximum predawn DeltaT, assuming that sap flow is negligible at nighttime. However, because sap flow may continu...