In this paper we study optimal animal movement in heterogeneous environments consisting of several food patches in which animals trade-off energy gain versus predation risk. We derive a myopic optimization rule describing optimal animal movements by fitness maximization assuming an animal state is described by a single quantity (such as weight, size, or energy reserves). This rule predicts a cr...

Several results on the recon gurable control architecture for the formation ying of multiple spacecraft are presented. In this direction, simple control laws are combined with logic-based switching to propose a hybrid control architecture for leader reassignment, leader-following capturing, and dealing with control saturations.

Saturated models are a powerful tool in model theory. The properties of universality and homogeneity of the saturated models of a theory are useful for proving facts about this theory. They are used in the proof of interpolation and preservation theorems and also as work-spaces. Sometimes we work with models which are saturated only for some sets of formulas, for example, recursively saturated ...

A focus of dietary recommendations for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and treatment has been a reduction in saturated fat intake, primarily as a means of lowering LDL-cholesterol concentrations. However, the evidence that supports a reduction in saturated fat intake must be evaluated in the context of replacement by other macronutrients. Clinical trials that replaced saturated fat with...

To determine the effect of saturated hydrogen saline on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver dysfunction, rats were divided into control, LPS, and LPS plus saturated hydrogen saline (LPS+H(2)) groups. Treatment with saturated hydrogen saline prolonged the median survival time and reduced liver dysfunction. Moreover, saturated hydrogen saline significantly reduced pathological alteration...

The analysis of gene network robustness to noise and mutation is important for fundamental and practical reasons. Robustness refers to the stability of the equilibrium expression state of a gene network to variations of the initial expression state and network topology. Numerical simulation of these variations is commonly used for the assessment of robustness. Since there exists a great number ...

BACKGROUND Saturated fatty acids are generally thought to have detrimental effects on health. However, a recent study showed that even- and odd-chain saturated fatty acids had opposite associations with type 2 diabetes. Limited studies of Western populations examined the associations of circulating saturated fatty acids with adipokines, an important role in glucose metabolism. OBJECTIVE We ex...

Diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol are recommended to the American public for improving plasma lipoprotein patterns and reducing the risk of heart disease. However, since dietary intake cannot always be controlled, the effects of different degrees of dietary saturated fat lowering and occasional high saturated fat and cholesterol meals on the expected lipoprotein pattern improvement of ...

We introduce and study certain notions which might serve as substitutes for maximum density packings and minimum density coverings. A body is a compact connected set which is the closure of its interior. A packing P with congruent replicas of a body K is n-saturated if no n− 1 members of it can be replaced with n replicas of K, and it is completely saturated if it is n-saturated for each n ≥ 1....