The radial flow of neutral particles in an electron-cyclotron-resonance (ECR) argon plasma has been measured by using a newly developed high resolution laser induced fluorescence (LIF) measurement system. The flow velocity is determined by the Doppler shift of the LIF spectrum. A very high accuracy calibration of an excitation laser has been achieved by installing a saturated absorption spectro...

saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks) is one of the most important physical features of soil that have wide usage in soil and water science. measuring ks carries on laboratory and field. guelph permeameter (gp) method is one of the field measuring method for determining field saturated hydraulic conductivity (kfs) above the ground water table. well-shape-factor (c) is one important parameter ne...

The electrokinetic effect in a fluid-saturated porous rock is defined as the coupling and conversion between seismic and electric energies. When seismic waves propagate through a fluid-saturated formation and cause a pore fluid-flow relative to the solid matrix, the motion of the cations in the fluidflow forms a streaming electrical current and induces an electromagnetic wave at any discontinuo...

In this study, a stochastic model for transient saturated–unsaturated flow is developed based on the Karhunen-Loeve expansion of the input random soil properties combined with a perturbation method. The log-transformed saturated hydraulic conductivity f ðxÞ and the soil pore size distribution parameter aðxÞ are assumed to be normal random functions with known covariances. We decompose f ðxÞ and...

While most hydrological models reproduce the general flow dynamics, they frequently fail to adequately mimic system-internal processes. In particular, the relationship between storage and discharge, which often follows annual hysteretic patterns in shallow hard-rock aquifers, is rarely considered in modelling studies. One main reason is that catchment storage is difficult to measure, and anothe...

Constructed wetland technology has been widely applied around the world to treat domestic wastewaters from the single family home to small communities. Constructed wetlands can be classified as either surface flow wetlands (similar to natural wetlands) or subsurface flow wetlands, where the wastewater flows through a media. Subsurface flow constructed wetlands can either be horizontal flow syst...

In the Thernal Engineering Division of the Technical University of Szczecin research has been carried oat for yesr3 on saturated diving. Аs part of this research, the problem of heat exchange during forced flow under hyperbaric conditions has been taken up. Research work concentrated on heat exchange during forced air flow through a duct of toroidal cross-section. Research included the flow of ...

Lubell proved this by observing that the left-hand side is a probability: it is simply the probability that a maximal chain, chosen uniformly at random, intersects A. The LYM inequality implies that an antichain in P([n]) has size at most ( n bn/2c ) , the size of the ‘middle layer’ in P([n]). (This can also be proved by partitioning P([n]) into ( n bn/2c ) disjoint chains.) Bollobás’ Inequalit...

In this article, the effects of viscous dissipation and inertial force on the velocity and temperature distributions of the mixed convection laminar flow in a vertical channel partly filled with a saturated porous medium have been studied. In this regard, the Brinkman–Forchheimer extended Darcy model was adopted for the fluid flow in the porous region. In addition, three different viscous dissi...

The nonlinear solvers in numerical solution of water flow in variably saturated soils are prone to convergence difficulties. Many aspects can give rise to such difficulties, like very dry initial conditions, a steep pressure gradient and great variation of hydraulic conductivity occur across the wetting front during the infiltration of water.  So, the averaging method applied to compute hydraul...