The practice of electrically stunning poultry, which is standard in slaughterhouses across North America 1, results in both poor welfare and carcass degradation. In terms of welfare, the many variables and frequent process failures associated with electrical stunning methods make it difficult to ensure adequate stunning and result in pain and suffering for birds who experience prestun shocks, h...

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used in conjunction with normal microbiological cultural techniques to examine some aspects of contamination of broiler carcass skin by bacteria during processing. The autochthonous skin microflora of poultry, before processing, was mainly Micrococcus spp. which were located in accumulations of sebum-like substances on the surface of the stratu...

are heavily infected and every year a large portion of the population of these areas is incapacitated as a result of this infection. The indigenous methods of treating filarial diseases, especially lymphangitis?which is the type which causes considerable suffering in endemic areas in India?are frequently very drastic. The application of severe counter-irritants, for example scalding by a hot ir...

The nutritional composition of different acorn species (Q. pyrenaica, Q. robur, and ilex) harvested in Peneda-Gerês Park, Braga (north Portugal) was determined after being dehulled by methods (manually, thermally scalding with boiling water, drying at 30 °C). Ash protein contents remained unaltered, but the fat carbohydrate increased and/or decreased depending on dehulling method Quercus spp. t...

45% of all hospitalized burn casualties in Israel are children younger than 16 years old. In various hospitals they make up 30-60% of all burn casualties, depending on the proportion of children in the area of hospital intake, social and economic factors and the type of hospital. Length of hospitalization of children is shorter than that of the general population (7.3 vs 9.0 days). Scalding is ...

Background: Burn victims have higher levels of cell free DNA (cfDNA), which allows its use as a direct indicator cellular damage and burn vitality. Aim: Determination cfDNA in patients their correlation with total body surface area burned percent (TBSA%). Subjects methods: cases were evaluated to determine the prevalence age sex variations, period admission, TBSA%, etiology manner burns. The pl...