there is no single standard technique or methodology to characterize the size, structure, number, and chemical composition of airborne carbon nanotubes.  existing analytical instruments and analytical techniques for evaluating nanoparticle concentrations cannot simultaneously provide morphology, state of agglomeration, surface area, mass, size distribution and chemical composition data critical...

in recent years, it has become evident that it is necessary to systematically and accurately define particle characteristics in order to understand the potential toxicity of nanoparticles to biological systems. the properties that need to be emphasized are size, shape, dispersion, doping, aggregation, functionalization, physical and chemical properties, surface area, and surface chemistry. rout...

in this work, sol-gel processing was used to synthesize the fluorohydroxyapatite (nano-fha, ca10(po4)6(oh)2−xfx) nanopowders. the advantages of the sol-gel method over other methods are precise control of composition, low processing temperature, and better homogeneity. calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, phosphorous pentoxide and tetrabuthylammonium fluoride were used, respectively, as p, ca, and f p...

introduction: the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the setting time, flow, film thickness, solubility, radiopacity and characterization analysis of three epoxy resin based sealers including two experimental sealers and ah-26. methods and materials: five samples of each material were evaluated for setting time, flow, film thickness, solubility and radiopacity according to iso 6876 stan...

the aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal adaptation of biodentine in comparison with mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) and intermediate restorative material (irm), as a root end filling material, using scanning electron microscopy (sem).thirty permanent maxillary central incisors were chemo-mechanically prepared and obturated. three millimetres of the root end were resected and 3mm ret...

objective: orthodontic wires should have high resistance against corrosion in the oral environment. since the effect of ph on corrosion has been well recognized, this study sought to assess and compare the electrochemical corrosion of orthodontic brackets and wires of different brands in acidic artificial saliva.   methods: this in vitro experimental study was conducted on 24 mandibular central...

introduction: enlargement of the root canal may potentially affect efficient smear layer (sl) removal. the aim of the present in vitro study was to compare sl removal following canal preparation with two different sizes/tapers by means of scanning electron microscopy (sem). methods and materials: a total of 50 extracted human mandibular premolars were decoronated. the teeth were randomly divide...

a new nano-sized cobalt(ii) coordination polymer, (col1).0.5dmf.1.5ch3oh(1); [h2l1 = 5-(4-carboxy phenyl azo) salicyilic acid] has been synthesized by a sonochemical method. the thermal stability of compound 1 was studied by thermo- gravimetric and differential thermal analyses. nano-structure of this coordination polymer was characterized by elemental analyses, ir spectroscopy,  powder x-ray d...

The value of t he scanning e lec t ron microscopy i n p rov id ing i n s i t u i n fo rma t ion on t h e microst ructure o f ma te r ia l s such as coal I s we l l known. m a r t i c u l a r l y su i ted for examining the f i n e l y d i s t r i b u t e d mineral p a r t i c l e s found i n f ine ly-ground coal. data can be provided. c a l analysis t o be performed on these minute features, thu...